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Title page 1

Contents 9

ABSTRACT 5

FOREWORD 7

PREFACE 8

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 13

1. INTRODUCTION 16

1.1. Background 16

1.2. Radiation Exposure Information on the Internet 17

2. LIMITATIONS OF THE DATA 19

2.1. Limitations 19

2.2. Statistical Comparisons 20

3. ANNUAL PERSONNEL MONITORING REPORTS - 10 CFR 20.2206 22

3.1. Definition of Terms and Methodologies 22

3.1.1. Number of Licensees Reporting 22

3.1.2. Number of Monitored Individuals 22

3.1.3. Number of Individuals with Measurable TEDE 22

3.1.4. Collective Dose 24

3.1.5. Average Individual Dose 24

3.1.6. Average Measurable Dose 24

3.2. Annual Total Effective Dose Equivalent Distributions 24

3.3. Summary of Occupational Dose Data by Licensee Category 26

3.3.1. Industrial Radiography Licensees-Fixed Location and Temporary Job Sites 26

3.3.2. Manufacturing and Distribution Licensees-Broad-Type A, Broad-Type B, Other, and Nuclear Pharmacies 27

3.3.3. Low-Level Waste Disposal Licensees 29

3.3.4. Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation Licensees 29

3.3.5. Fuel Cycle Licensees 30

3.3.6. Light-Water Reactor Licensees 32

3.3.7. Other Facilities Reporting to the NRC 32

3.4. Summary of Intake and Internal Dose Data by Licensee Category 32

4. COMMERCIAL POWER REACTORS 38

4.1. Introduction 38

4.2. Definition of Terms and Sources of Data 38

4.2.1. Number of Reactors 38

4.2.2. Electricity Generated 38

4.2.3. Average Collective Dose per Megawatt-Year 39

4.2.4. Average Maximum Dependable Capacity 39

4.2.5. Percentage of Maximum Dependable Capacity Achieved 40

4.3. Annual Total Effective Dose Equivalent Distributions 44

4.4. Average Annual Total Effective Dose Equivalent 47

4.5. Three-Year Average Collective Total Effective Dose Equivalent per Reactor 53

4.6. International Occupational Radiation Exposure 58

4.7. Decommissioning of Commercial Nuclear Power Reactors 60

4.7.1. Decommissioning Process 60

4.7.2. Notification 60

4.7.3. Post Shutdown Decommissioning Activities Report 60

4.7.4. License Termination Plan 60

4.7.5. Implementation of the License Termination Plan 61

4.7.6. Completion of Decommissioning 61

4.7.7. Status of Decommissioning Activities at Commercial Nuclear Power Reactors 63

5. TRANSIENT INDIVIDUALS AT NRC-LICENSED FACILITIES 65

6. EXPOSURES OF PERSONNEL IN EXCESS OF REGULATORY LIMITS 68

6.1. Reporting Categories 68

6.2. Summary of Occupational Radiation Doses in Excess of NRC Regulatory Limits 69

6.3. Summary of Annual Dose Distributions for Certain NRC Licensees 69

6.4. Maximum Occupational Radiation Doses Below NRC Regulatory Limits 69

7. REFERENCES 71

APPENDIX A. ANNUAL TOTAL EFFECTIVE DOSE EQUIVALENT FOR NONREACTOR NRC LICENSEES AND OTHER FACILITIES REPORTING TO THE NRC 2023 73

APPENDIX B. ANNUAL DOSES AT LICENSED NUCLEAR POWER FACILITIES 2023 79

APPENDIX C. PERSONNEL, DOSE, AND POWER GENERATION SUMMARY 1969-2023 83

APPENDIX D. DOSE PERFORMANCE TRENDS BY REACTOR SITE 1973-2023 140

APPENDIX E. PLANTS NO LONGER IN OPERATION 2023 196

APPENDIX F. GLOSSARY 2023 216

Tables 12

Table 3-1. Average Annual Exposure Data for Certain Categories of NRC Licensees 23

Table 3-2. Distribution of Annual Collective TEDE by License Category 2023 25

Table 3-3. Annual Exposure Information for Industrial Radiography Licensees, 2021-2023 26

Table 3-4. Annual Exposure Information for Manufacturing and Distribution Licensees 2021-2023 28

Table 3-5. Annual Exposure Information for Fuel Cycle Licensees 2021-2023 32

Table 3-6. Intake by Licensee Category and Radionuclide-Mode of Intake: Ingestion or Other, 2023 33

Table 3-7. Intake by Licensee Category and Radionuclide-Mode of Intake: Inhalation, 2023 34

Table 3-8. Collective and Average CEDE by Licensee Category, 2023 36

Table 3-9. Internal Dose (CEDE) Distribution, 1994-2023 37

Table 4-1. Summary of Information Reported by Commercial BWRs 1994-2023 41

Table 4-2. Summary of Information Reported by Commercial PWRs, 1994-2023 42

Table 4-3. Summary of Information Reported by All Commercial LWRs, 1994-2023 43

Table 4-4a. Summary of Distribution of Annual Doses at Commercial LWRs, 1994-2023 45

Table 4-4b. Summary of Distribution of Annual Doses at Commercial LWRs, Adjusted for Transient Individuals, 1994-2023 46

Table 4-5. Three-Year Totals and Averages for BWRs, in Ascending Order of Collective TEDE per Reactor, 2021-2023 54

Table 4-6. Three-Year Totals and Averages for PWRs, in Ascending Order of Collective TEDE per Reactor, 2021-2023 55

Table 4-7. Three-Year Collective TEDE per Reactor-Year for BWRs, 2021-2023 56

Table 4-8. Three-Year Collective TEDE per Reactor-Year for PWRs, 2021-2023 57

Table 4-9. Plants No Longer in Operation, 2023 64

Table 5-1. Effects of Transient Individuals on Annual Statistical Compilations 2023 67

Table 6-1. Summary of Annual Dose Distributions for Certain NRC Licensees, 2013-2023 70

Table 6-2. Maximum Occupational Doses for Each Exposure Category, 2023 70

Figures 11

Figure 3-1. Number of Individuals with Measurable TEDE, Collective TEDE, and Average Measurable TEDE for Industrial Radiography Licensees, 1994-2023 27

Figure 3-2. Number of Individuals with Measurable TEDE, Collective TEDE, and Average Measurable TEDE for Manufacturing and Distribution... 28

Figure 3-3. Number of Individuals with Measurable TEDE, Collective TEDE, and Average Measurable TEDE for ISFSI Licensees, 1994-2023 30

Figure 3-4. Annual Exposure Information for Fuel Cycle Licensees, 1994-2023 31

Figure 4-1. Average Collective Dose per Reactor and Average Number of Individuals with Measurable Dose per Reactor, 1994-2023 48

Figure 4-2. Number of Operating Reactors and Electricity Generated, 1994-2023 49

Figure 4-3. Average Measurable Dose per Individual and Collective Dose per Megawatt-Year, 1994-2023 50

Figure 4-4a. Average, Median, and Extreme Values of the Collective Dose per BWR, 1994-2023 51

Figure 4-4b. Average, Median, and Extreme Values of the Collective Dose per PWR, 1994-2023 52

Figure 4-5. Average Collective Dose per PWR, 1995-2023 59

Figure 4-6. Average Collective Dose per BWR, 1995-2023 59

Figure 4-7. Commercial Nuclear Power Reactor Decommissioning Process Flowchart 62

Appendix Tables 74

Table A-1. Annual Total Effective Dose Equivalent (TEDE) for Nonreactor NRC Licensees 74

Table A-2. Other Facilities Reporting to the NRC 78

Table B-1. Annual Doses at Licensed Nuclear Power Facilities 80

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