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Title page 1

Contents 3

Highlights 2

Letter 5

Background 7

Space Force Organization 7

Relationship with the Air Force 10

Space Force Guardians 11

Personnel Requirements Guidance 12

Space Force Guardian Workforce Has Grown Through Interservice Personnel Transfers and Programmatic Increases 14

Space Force Has Not Accurately Determined Personnel Requirements or Tracked the Number of Contractor Personnel It Uses 18

Space Force Personnel Requirements Do Not Accurately Reflect Need 18

The Space Force Does Not Accurately and Consistently Track Contractors, Which Further Limits Determination of Personnel Requirements 23

Space Force Identified Workforce Challenges but Has Not Fully Addressed Them 27

Space Force Identified Personnel Shortfalls and Related Challenges 27

Space Force Has Not Fully Addressed Identified Workforce Challenges and Lacks a Strategic Plan 34

Air Force Does Not Provide Adequate Personnel Support to Space Force Missions Under Current Arrangement 38

Level of Air Force-Provided Personnel Does Not Meet Space Force Requirements for Base Operating and Other Functions 38

Air Force and Space Force Have Not Comprehensively Evaluated Support Arrangement 41

Conclusions 43

Recommendations for Executive Action 44

Agency Comments and Our Evaluation 45

Appendix I: Objectives, Scope and Methodology 47

Appendix II: Air Force Funded Personnel Requirements to Support the Space Force 53

Appendix III: Space Force Generation Model (SPAFORGEN) 54

Appendix IV: Comments from the Department of Defense 55

Appendix V: GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments 58

Tables 3

Table 1. Space Force Guardian Personnel Growth Through Interservice Transfers and Programmatic Increases Through Fiscal Year 2025 15

Table 2. Results of Completed Air Force Manpower Analysis Agency Studies for the Space Force 19

Table 3. Total Number of Funded Air Force Personnel Requirements to Support the Space Force for Fiscal Year 2025 53

Figures 4

Figure 1. Space Force Field Command Hierarchy 8

Figure 2. Space Force Organization as of February 2026 10

Figure 3. Space Force Personnel Requirements, Funded Requirements, and Assigned Personnel 14

Figure 4. Total Number of Space Force Guardian Personnel by Type, Fiscal Years 2021-2025 17

Figure 5. Estimated Number of Space Force Contractor Full-Time Equivalents Compared with Guardian Personnel, Fiscal Years 2021-2025 24

Figure 6. Total Space Force Guardian Personnel Requirements, Funded Requirements, and Assignments in Fiscal Year 2025 28

Figure 7. Space Force Field Command and Combatant Command Service Component Guardian Shortfalls in Fiscal Year 2025 29

Figure 8. Shortfalls Between Required, Funded, and Assigned Air Force Personnel Supporting the Space Force for Fiscal Year 2025 39

Figure 9. Space Force's Force Generation Model (SPAFORGEN) Cycle 54