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Contents 1

GenAI is widely but unevenly used in higher education 1

GenAI adoption is experimental and reliant on individual initiative 5

1. Reliance on free and general consumer-oriented GenAI tools 5

2. Lack of institutional guidance and support 6

3. Use patterns focus on task completion rather than learning and on accelerating workflows without transforming pedagogy 6

Emerging policy responses 7

I. Providing guidance on responsible use of GenAI 7

II. Developing common approaches to compliance and procurement 8

III. Developing GenAI competence 9

IV. Supporting evidence collection and pilot evaluation 10

V. Supporting development of specialised GenAI tools for higher education 11

References 12

Figures 2

Figure 1. Share of students in Europe that used GenAI in the last three months, 2025 2

Figure 2. Use of GenAI across higher education 4

Boxes 7

Box 1. OECD Insights on the effective use of GenAI in education 7