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Title page 1

Contents 3

Highlights 2

Letter 5

Background 9

DOE's Role in Isotope Production and Distribution 9

IRP Appropriations, Revenue, and Revolving Funds 11

IRP Produced, Sold, and Distributed 265 Isotopes for a Range of Purposes During Fiscal Years 2020 Through 2025 12

Isotopes Served Medical, Research, and Other Markets 13

IRP Produced Isotopes at Sites Nationwide and Sourced Others Globally 14

IRP Does Not Systematically Assess or Align Actions with Market Needs 15

IRP Does Not Have a Mechanism to Systematically Assess and Respond to Market Needs 15

IRP Has Not Established an Advisory Committee as Required by Statute 19

IRP Gathers Information on Risks to Isotope Production and Supply, but Has Not Developed Timely Actions to Mitigate Those Risks 21

IRP Gathers Risk Information from Customers and NIDC but Some Isotopes Continue to Experience Supply Chain Disruptions 21

IRP Has Not Developed or Communicated Timely Actions to Mitigate Risks 23

Conclusions 26

Recommendations for Executive Action 27

Agency Comments 27

Appendix I: Objectives, Scope, and Methodology 29

Appendix II: Top 30 Isotopes Shipped by the Department of Energy, Fiscal Years 2020-2025 32

Appendix III: Comments from the Department of Energy 33

Appendix IV: GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments 38

Tables 3

Table 1. DOE Office of Isotope Research and Development and Production (IRP) Radioisotope and Stable Isotope Shipments, Fiscal Years 2020 Through 2025 14

Table 2. Top 30 Isotopes Shipped by the Department of Energy's Office of Isotope Research and Development and Production, Fiscal Years 2020 Through 2025 32

Figures 4

Figure 1. The Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Isotope Research and Development and Production Sites, Fiscal Years 2020 Through 2025 10

Figure 2. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Isotope Research and Development and Production Budget and Costs, Fiscal Years 2020 Through 2025 12

Figure 3. Number of DOE Office of Isotope Research and Development and Production Shipments of Radioisotopes and Stable Isotopes, Fiscal Years 2020 Through 2025 13

Figure 4. Information That DOE's Office of Isotope Research and Development and Production (IRP) Collects on Isotope Needs That Influences Production Decisions 16