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Title page 1

Contents 2

Summary 2

Metro area unemployment rates and income reveal relative economic prosperity and hardship among Black Americans 5

Echoes of the Great Migration 7

Federal grants are critical to filling resource gaps in urban areas 10

Federal jobs cuts threaten relative economic security for the Black middle class 12

State and local policy levers 14

Conclusion 19

Notes 20

References 21

Tables 11

Table 1. Federal grant obligations by city, FY 2022-2024 11

Table 2. Number and share of federal workers by Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) 13

Table 3. State and local policies 15

Figures 6

Figure A. Black unemployment rates in D.C., Miami, Atlanta, Dallas, and Philadelphia were lower than the national average in 2023 6

Figure B. Midwestern metro areas stand out with having lower Black median household incomes than the national average 8

Figure C. Across the 10 metro areas, median Black income increased more or decreased less than the typical household 9