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Title page 1

Contents 3

Highlights 2

Letter 6

Background 10

DODEA Schools 10

Identifying and Delivering Strategic Instruction and Special Education 11

About 10 Percent of DODEA Students Received Strategic Instruction and 5 Percent Had an SLD in School Year 2024-2025 16

Most DODEA Students Receiving Strategic Instruction Were in Elementary School 16

The Number of DODEA Students with SLDs Increased Over the Last 7 School Years 18

DODEA's Tools and Referral Processes for Identifying Students with Literacy or Math Deficits Sometimes Delay Services 20

School Staff and Parents Said DODEA Had Limited Screening Tools to Identify Students Needing Help in Literacy and Math 20

Officials at all Schools We Visited Said Referrals Had Incomplete Data Which Can Lead to Rejections, but DODEA Has Not Systematically... 24

DODEA's Reported Timeliness for Completing Special Education Evaluations Has Varied, and It Has Not Analyzed Reasons for Delays 26

DODEA Staff Cited Misaligned Professional Learning, Limited Data Access, and Certain Enrollment Practices as Obstacles to Helping Students... 31

DODEA Did Not Seek Teachers' Input on Professional Learning Needs and Selected Teachers Said Their Professional Learning Is Not Relevant to... 31

Limited Access to Student Data Impeded Ability to Tailor Instruction to Students' Needs, According to Selected Elementary School Special... 37

DODEA School Staff Said Students Needing Support to Perform at Grade-Level May Not Receive it for Varying Reasons 39

Conclusions 41

Recommendations for Executive Action 42

Agency Comments 44

Appendix I. Comments from the Department of Defense 46

Appendix II. GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments 52

Figures 3

Figure 1. Process for Identifying Students for Strategic Instruction and Special Education at DODEA Schools 12

Figure 2. DODEA Classrooms and Materials for Strategic Instruction 14

Figure 3. DODEA Students Enrolled in Strategic Literacy and Math Instruction by Grade Level, School Year 2024-2025 17

Figure 4. DODEA Students with SLDs, School Year 2018-2019 through 2024-2025 18

Figure 5. DODEA Students with SLDs by Grade Level, School Year 2024-2025 19

Figure 6. Voices from the Field: Examples of Concerns Around DODEA's Screening Tools Reported by DODEA Staff 21

Figure 7. Percentage of Students Whose Initial Special Education Evaluations Were Completed Within Required 55 Days, By Year 27

Figure 8. Voices from the Field: Examples of Concerns about School Psychologists' Ability to Provide Mental Health Services Due to Increased... 30

Figure 9. Voices from the Field: Examples of Concerns about Professional Learning for Strategic Instruction and Special Education Teachers 32

Figure 10. Unused Materials for a Specialized Reading Intervention 35

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