목차

Ⅰ. 서론 11

Ⅱ. 문헌고찰 13

2.1. 가임여성의 식생활 실태 13

2.2. 식행동에 영향을 주는 요인 14

2.3. 영양교육 프로그램 현황 16

Ⅲ. 연구 내용 및 방법 18

3.1. 가임여성의 식행동 및 식행동 관련 요인 조사 18

3.1.1. 조사 대상자 및 시기 18

3.1.2. 조사 내용 및 방법 18

1) 일반사항 18

2) 신체계측 18

3) 건강습관 19

4) 일상 활동량 19

5) 식이섭취 19

6) 식행동 변화 단계 19

7) 이상식행동 20

8) 식사의 규칙성 및 균형성 20

9) 자아효능감 21

10) 인지된 이득, 인지된 장애, 사회적 모델링 21

11) 영양지식 21

12) 식품 유용성 22

3.1.3. 자료 분석 22

1) 식이섭취 22

2) 신체 계측 23

3) 통계처리 23

3.2. 영양교육 요구도 조사 24

3.2.1. 교육대상자 설문조사 24

1) 조사대상자 및 방법 24

2) 조사내용 24

3) 자료 분석 24

3.2.2. 교육대상자 Focus Group Interview 24

1) 조사 대상자 및 시기 24

2) 조사 방법 25

3) 조사내용 25

4) 자료 분석 25

3.2.3 교육자 설문조사 26

1) 조사대상자 및 시기 26

2) 조사 내용 및 방법 26

3) 자료분석 26

Ⅳ. 결과 27

4.1. 가임여성의 식행동 및 관련요인 분석 : 실태조사 결과 27

4.1.1. 일반사항 27

4.1.2. 체위 30

4.1.3. 건강습관 32

4.1.4. 일상활동량 34

4.1.5. 식행동 34

1) 식사의 균형성 및 규칙성 34

2) 식행동 변화 단계 (Stages of Change) 36

3) 이상식행동 (Eating disorder) 38

4.1.6. 식행동 관련요인 41

1) 개인적 요인 (자아효능감, 인지된 이득, 인지된 장애, 영양지식) 41

2) 환경적 요인 (식품유용성, 사회적 모델링) 46

4.1.7. 비만도(BMI) 및 식행동 단계에 따른 식이섭취 상태 48

4.1.8. 비만도에 따른 식행동 관련 요인 분석 53

4.1.9. 식행동 변화 단계에 따른 식행동 관련 요인 분석 53

4.2. 영양교육 요구도 분석 61

4.2.1. 가임여성(교육대상자) 61

1. 실태조사 61

1) 영양정보 이용도 61

2) 건강이나 식생활의 정보원 61

3) 영양교육의 필요성 및 원하는 영양교육 주제 64

2. 포커스 그룹 인터뷰 (Focus group interview) 66

1) 일반적 특성 66

2) 식행동 69

(1) 건강한 식생활 69

(2) 식생활 변화 70

(3) 식생활의 변화에 영향을 미치는 요인 73

(4) 변한 식생활로 인한 건강 문제 74

(5) 식생활 문제 혹은 건강 문제를 해결하기 위한 노력 75

(6) 식생활 문제 해결을 위한 영양 교육이나 영양정보를 받아 본 경험 76

(7) 영양정보원 77

3) 영양교육 요구도 79

(1) 영양교육 주제 79

(2) 영양교육 방법 82

(3) 영양교육 자료 형태 83

(4) 이용하는 인터넷 영양교육사이트 및 요구도 88

4.2.2. 영양교육자(보건소 영양업무 담당자)의 영양교육 요구도 92

1) 조사대상자의 일반적 특성 92

2) 보건소에서의 여성 영양교육 실태 및 문제점 95

3) 보건소의 영양교육 자료 및 문제점 98

4) 영양교육 요구도 100

Ⅴ. 고찰 102

1. 가임여성의 식행동 및 관련 요인 분석 102

2. 영양교육 요구도 조사 분석 104

Ⅵ. 요약 106

1. 가임여성의 식행동 및 식행동 관련 요인 분석 106

2. 영양교육 요구도 조사 분석 107

Ⅶ. 결론 및 제언 110

Ⅷ. 참고문헌 112

Abstract 122

Table 1. Distribution of age groups 28

Table 2. Mean age of participants 28

Table 3. Distribution of household monthly income 28

Table 4. General characteristics of participants 29

Table 5. Means of anthropometric measures 31

Table 6. Distribution of weight status based on BMI 31

Table 7. Smoking status and alcohol consumption 33

Table 8. Nutrition supplement and medication 33

Table 9. Daily activities 35

Table 10. Scores on Healthy eating index 35

Table 11. Proportions of participants belonged to specific stages of change in terms of healthy eating behaviors 37

Table 12. Eating Attitude Test-26 39

Table 13. Distribution of eating disorder assessed by Eat-26 40

Table 14. Means of self-efficacy in different situations 43

Table 15. Item analyses used for measuring perceived benefits and barriers 44

Table 16. Nutrition knowledge 45

Table 17. Availability of specific food at home 47

Table 18. Means of the items used for social modeling 47

Table 19. Nutrient intakes by stages of change related to having meals regularly 49

Table 20. Proportionate energy intakes from carbohydrate, protein, and fat by stages of change on having meals regularly 50

Table 21. Nutrient intakes measured by percent Recommend Dietary Allowances by stages of change on having meals regularly 51

Table 22. Nutrient density per 1000kcal by stages of change on regular meal intake 52

Table 23. Selected environmental and personal factors associated with eating behavior by weight status 55

Table 24. Selected environmental and personal factors associated with eating behavior by stages of change on having meals regularly 56

Table 25. Selected environmental and personal factors associated with eating behavior by stages of change on skipping meals 57

Table 26. Selected environmental and personal factors associated with eating behavior by stages of change on processed food intake 58

Table 27. Selected environmental and personal factors associated with eating behavior by stages of change on having various foods 59

Table 28. Selected environmental and personal factors associated with eating behavior by stages of change on dairy food consumption 59

Table 29. Use of PC/internet for nutrition and the extent of applicability of nutrition knowledge 62

Table 30. Duration of daily internet use for nutrition information 62

Table 31. Sources of nutrition information 63

Table 32. Needs for nutrition education 65

Table 33. Themes of nutrition education 65

Table 34. Mean age of focus group interviewees 67

Table 35. Background information of participants 67

Table 36. Monthly income of focus group interviewees 68

Table 37. Disease status 68

Table 38. Nutrition supplement 68

Table 39. Majors themes and sub-themes for healthy eating habits 70

Table 40. Major themes and sub-themes on present eating habits compared to the past 72

Table 41. Major themes and sub-themes related eating habit changes 76

Table 42. Major themes and sub-themes for sources of nutrition information 78

Table 43. Major themes and sub-themes for topics, methods and materials of nutrition education 87

Table 44. Majors themes and sub-themes for on-line nutrition education 91

Table 45. Gender ratio 93

Table 46. Working experience 93

Table 47. Background information of personnels responsible for nutrition education in public health centers 94

Table 48. Provision of nutrition education in public health centers 96

Table 49. Target for female nutrition education in public health centers 96

Table 50. Topics of female nutrition education provided by pubic health centers 97

Table 51. Problems of provision of nutrition education in public health centers 97

Table 52. Nutrition education materials in public health centers 99

Table 53. Problems of nutrition education materials used in public health centers 99

Table 54. Effective methods of female nutrition education in public health centers 101

Table 55. Nutrition education materials possessed by public health centers 101

Appendix

Appendix 1-1. Nutrient intakes of weight status 125

Appendix 1-2. Proportionate energy intakes from carbohydrate, protein, and fat by weight status 126

Appendix 1-3. Nutrient intakes measured by percent Recommend Dietary Allowances by weight status 127

Appendix 1-4. Nutrient density per 1000kcal by weight status 128

Appendix 2-1. Nutrient intakes by stages of change related to skipping meals 129

Appendix 2-2. Proportionate energy intakes from carbohydrate, protein, and fat by stages of change on skipping meals 130

Appendix 2-3. Nutrient intakes measured by percent Recommend DietaryAllowances by stages of change on skipping meals 131

Appendix 2-4. Nutrient density per 1000kcal by stages of change on skipping meals 132

Appendix 2-5. Nutrient intakes by stages of change related to processed food intake 133

Appendix 2-6. Proportionate energy intakes from carbohydrate, protein, and fat by stages of change on processed food intake 134

Appendix 2-7. Nutrient intakes measured by percent Recommend Dietary Allowances by stages of change on processed food intake 135

Appendix 2-8. Nutrient density per 1000kcal by stages of change on processed food intake 136

Appendix 2-9. Nutrient intakes by stages of change related to having various foods 137

Appendix 2-10. Proportionate energy intakes from carbohydrate, protein, and fat by stages of change on having various foods 138

Appendix 2-11. Nutrient intakes measured by percent Recommend Dietary Allowances by stages of change on having various foods 139

Appendix 2-12. Nutrient density per 1000kcal by stages of change on having various foods 140

Appendix 2-13. Nutrient intakes by stages of change related to dairy food consumption 141

Appendix 2-14. Proportionate energy intakes from carbohydrate, protein, and fat by stages of change on dairy food consumption 142

Appendix 2-15. Nutrient intakes measured by percent Recommend Dietary Allowances by stages of change on dairy food consumption 143

Appendix 2-16. Nutrient density per 1000kcal by stages of change on dairy food consumption 144

Appendix 3. Questionnaire of females 145

Appendix 4. Questionnaire of public health centers 161

Appendix 5. Questionnaire of focus group interview of females 167