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국문초록 15

총설 18

제1장 고주파 관리와 콜라겐 식이에 따른 안면 피부의 변화 22

I. 서론 22

II. 연구방법 25

1. 연구대상 및 기간 25

2. 연구 도구 25

2.1. 콜라겐 식이 25

2.2. 고주파 기기 26

2.3. 주름 측정 26

2.4. 멜라닌지수 및 홍반지수(Melanin index and Erythema index) 측정 28

2.5. 피부색 측정 28

2.6. 진피 측정 29

2.7. 설문 조사 30

3. 자료 분석 30

III. 결과 및 고찰 31

1. 연구대상자의 일반적 특성 31

2. 주름의 변화 33

2.1. 측정부위에 대한 동질성 검정 33

2.2. 실험 후 측정부위에 대한 거칠기(roughness) 평균 변화량 비교 36

2.2.1. 미간 피부의 거칠기(roughness) 평균 변화량 비교 36

2.2.2. 왼쪽 눈가 피부의 거칠기(roughness) 평균 변화량 비교 38

2.2.3. 오른쪽 눈가 피부의 거칠기(roughness) 평균 변화량 비교 40

2.2.4. 왼쪽 팔자 피부의 거칠기(roughness) 평균 변화량 비교 42

2.2.5. 오른쪽 팔자 피부의 거칠기(roughness) 평균 변화량 비교 44

3. 멜라닌지수 및 홍반지수(Melanin index and Erythema index)의 변화 48

3.1. 멜라닌지수의 변화 48

3.1.1. 측정 부위에 대한 동질성 검정 48

3.1.2. 멜라닌지수의 평균 변화량 비교 49

3.2. 홍반지수의 변화 54

3.2.1. 측정부위에 대한 동질성 검정 54

3.2.2. 홍반지수의 평균 변화량 비교 55

4. 피부색의 변화 59

4.1. 측정부위에 대한 동질성 검정 59

4.2. 피부색의 평균 변화량 비교 61

5. 진피의 변화 65

5.1. 측정부위에 대한 동질성 검정 65

5.2. 진피 두께의 평균 변화량 비교 66

6. 실험 후 만족도 평균 비교 71

IV. 결론 73

제2장 고주파 관리와 콜라겐 식이에 따른 목 피부의 변화 76

I. 서론 76

II. 연구방법 80

1. 연구대상 및 기간 80

2. 연구 도구 80

2.1. 콜라겐 식이 80

2.2. 고주파 기기 80

2.3. 목두께 및 목둘레 측정 81

2.3.1. 목두께 측정 81

2.3.2. 목둘레 측정 81

2.4. 주름 측정 81

2.5. 멜라닌지수 및 홍반지수(Melanin index and Erythema index) 측정 81

2.6. 피부색 측정 82

2.7. 진피 측정 82

2.8. 설문 조사 83

3. 자료 분석 83

III. 결과 및 고찰 84

1. 연구대상자의 일반적 특성 84

2. 목두께 및 목둘레 변화 86

2.1. 측정부위에 대한 동질성 검정 86

2.2. 목두께 및 목둘레의 평균 변화량 비교 87

3. 주름의 변화 91

3.1. 측정부위에 대한 동질성 검정 91

3.2. 실험 후 측정부위에 대한 거칠기(roughness) 평균 변화량 비교 93

3.2.1. 앞목 중앙 피부의 거칠기(roughness) 평균 변화량 비교 93

3.2.2. 왼쪽 목 피부의 거칠기(roughness) 평균 변화량 비교 95

3.2.3. 오른쪽 목 피부의 거칠기(roughness) 평균 변화량 비교 97

4. 멜라닌지수 및 홍반지수(Melanin index and Erythema index)의 변화 102

4.1. 멜라닌지수의 변화 102

4.1.1. 측정부위에 대한 동질성 검정 102

4.1.2. 멜라닌지수의 평균 변화량 비교 103

4.2. 홍반지수의 변화 107

4.2.1. 측정부위에 대한 동질성 검정 107

4.2.2. 홍반지수의 평균 변화량 비교 108

5. 피부색의 변화 112

5.1. 측정부위에 대한 동질성 검정 112

5.2. 피부색의 평균 변화량 비교 114

6. 진피의 변화 117

6.1. 측정부위에 대한 동질성 검정 117

6.2. 진피 두께의 평균 변화량 비교 118

7. 실험 후 만족도 평균 비교 124

IV. 결론 126

요약 130

참고문헌 132

부록 142

ABSTRACT 149

List of table

Table 1-1. General characteristics of the subjects 32

Table 1-2. Verification the similarity of the skin between the eyebrows before experiment 33

Table 1-3. Verification the similarity of the skin around left eye before experiment 34

Table 1-4. Verification the similarity of the skin around right eye before experiment 34

Table 1-5. Verification the similarity of the skin the left palja before experiment 35

Table 1-6. Verification the similarity of the skin the right palja before experiment 35

Table 1-7. Comparison the average variation in roughness of the skin between the eyebrows after experiment 37

Table 1-8. Comparison the average variation in roughness of the skin around left eye after experiment 39

Table 1-9. Comparison the average variation in roughness of the skin around right eye after experiment 41

Table 1-10. Comparison the average variation in roughness of the skin the left palja after experiment 43

Table 1-11. Comparison the average variation in roughness of the skin the right palja experiment 44

Table 1-12. Verification the similarity of the melanin index before experiment 48

Table 1-13. Comparison the average variation of the melanin index after experiment 52

Table 1-14. Verification the similarity of the erythema index before experiment 54

Table 1-15. Comparison the average variation of the erythema index after experiment 57

Table 1-16. Verification the similarity of the skin color before experiment 60

Table 1-17. Comparison the average variation of the skin color after experiment 63

Table 1-18. Verification the similarity of the dermis thickness before experiment 65

Table 1-19. Comparison the average variation of the dermis thickness after experiment 68

Table 1-20. Comparison the average of satisfaction after experiment 72

Table 2-1. General characteristics of the subjects 85

Table 2-2. Verification the similarity of the neck thickness and neck circumference before experiment 86

Table 2-3. Comparison the average variation of the neck thickness and neck circumference after experiment 89

Table 2-4. Verification the similarity of the skin center of front neck before experiment 91

Table 2-5. Verification the similarity of the skin left neck before experiment 92

Table 2-6. Verification the similarity of the skin right neck before experiment 92

Table 2-7. Comparison the average variation in roughness of the skin center of front neck after experiment 94

Table 2-8. Comparison the average variation in roughness of the skin left neck after experiment 96

Table 2-9. Comparison the average variation in roughness of the skin right neck after experiment 98

Table 2-10. Verification the similarity of the melanin index before experiment 102

Table 2-11. Comparison the average variation of the melanin index after experiment 105

Table 2-12. Verification the similarity of the erythema index before experiment 107

Table 2-13. Comparison the average variation of the erythema index after experiment 110

Table 2-14. Verification the similarity of the skin color before experiment 113

Table 2-15. Comparison the average variation of the skin color after experiment 115

Table 2-16. Verification the similarity of the dermis thickness before experiment 117

Table 2-17. Comparison the average variation of the dermis thickness after experiment 120

Table 2-18. Comparison the average of satisfaction after experiment 125

List of figures

Fig. 1-1. Measurement regions in roughness of facial skin. 29

Fig. 1-2. Measurement regions in melanin, erythema, skin color and dermis thickness of facial skin. 29

Fig. 1-3. Comparison the average in NRJ of the skin between the eyebrows. 37

Fig. 1-4. Comparison the average in MR3 of the skin between the eyebrows. 37

Fig. 1-5. Comparison the average in NRJ of the skin around left eye. 39

Fig. 1-6. Comparison the average in MR3 of the skin around left eye. 39

Fig. 1-7. Comparison the average in NRJ of the skin around right eye. 41

Fig. 1-8. Comparison the average in MR3 of the skin around right eye. 41

Fig. 1-9. Comparison the average in NRJ of the skin the left palja. 43

Fig. 1-10. Comparison the average in MR3 of the skin the left palja. 43

Fig. 1-11. Comparison the average in NRJ of the skin the right palja. 45

Fig. 1-12. Comparison the average in MR3 of the skin the right palja. 45

Fig. 1-13. Comparison in roughness of the skin around right eye before and after experiment of high frequency + collagen group. 47

Fig. 1-14. Comparison in roughness of the skin the left palja before and after experiment of high frequency + collagen group. 47

Fig. 1-15. Comparison in roughness of the skin the right palja before and after experiment of high frequency + collagen group. 47

Fig. 1-16. Comparison the average in melanin index of the forehead. 52

Fig. 1-17. Comparison the average in melanin index of the left cheek. 52

Fig. 1-18. Comparison the average in melanin index of the right cheek. 53

Fig. 1-19. Comparison the average in melanin index of the chin. 53

Fig. 1-20. Comparison the average in erythema index of the forehead. 57

Fig. 1-21. Comparison the average in erythema index of the left cheek. 57

Fig. 1-22. Comparison the average in erythema index of the right cheek. 58

Fig. 1-23. Comparison the average in erythema index of the chin. 58

Fig. 1-24. Comparison the average in L* of the forehead. 64

Fig. 1-25. Comparison the average in L* of the left cheek. 64

Fig. 1-26. Comparison the average in L* of the right cheek. 64

Fig. 1-27. Comparison the average in L* of the chin. 64

Fig. 1-28. Comparison the average in the dermis thickness of the forehead. 68

Fig. 1-29. Comparison the average in the dermis thickness of the left cheek. 68

Fig. 1-30. Comparison the average in the dermis thickness of the right cheek. 69

Fig. 1-31. Comparison the average in the dermis thickness of the chin. 69

Fig. 1-32. Comparison of dermis thickness in the forehead before and after experiment of high frequency + collagen group. 70

Fig. 1-33. Comparison of dermis thickness in the left cheek before and after experiment of high frequency + collagen group. 70

Fig. 1-34. Comparison of dermis thickness in the chin before and after experiment of high frequency + collagen group. 70

Fig. 2-1. Measurement regions of the center of front neck, left and right neck. 82

Fig. 2-2. Measurement regions in center of back neck. 82

Fig. 2-3. Comparison the average of thickness the center of front neck. 89

Fig. 2-4. Comparison the average of thickness the left neck. 89

Fig. 2-5. Comparison the average of thickness the right neck. 90

Fig. 2-6. Comparison the average of thickness the center of back neck. 90

Fig. 2-7. Comparison the average of neck circumference. 90

Fig. 2-8. Comparison the average in NRJ of the skin center of front neck. 94

Fig. 2-9. Comparison the average in MR3 of the skin center of front neck. 94

Fig. 2-10. Comparison the average in NRJ of the skin left neck. 96

Fig. 2-11. Comparison the average in MR3 of the skin left neck. 96

Fig. 2-12. Comparison the average in NRJ of the skin right neck. 98

Fig. 2-13. Comparison the average in MR3 of the skin right neck. 98

Fig. 2-14. Comparison in roughness of the skin center of front neck before and after experiment of high frequency + collagen group. 101

Fig. 2-15. Comparison in roughness of the skin left neck before and after experiment of high frequency + collagen group. 101

Fig. 2-16. Comparison in roughness of the skin right neck before and after experiment of high frequency + collagen group. 101

Fig. 2-17. Comparison the average in melanin index of the skin center of front neck. 105

Fig. 2-18. Comparison the average in melanin index of the skin left neck. 105

Fig. 2-19. Comparison the average in melanin index of the skin right neck. 106

Fig. 2-20. Comparison the average in melanin index of the skin center of back neck. 106

Fig. 2-21. Comparison the average in erythema index of the skin center of front neck. 110

Fig. 2-22. Comparison the average in erythema index of the skin left neck. 110

Fig. 2-23. Comparison the average in erythema index of the skin right neck. 111

Fig. 2-24. Comparison the average in erythema index of the skin center of back neck. 111

Fig. 2-25. Comparison the average in L* of the skin center of front neck. 116

Fig. 2-26. Comparison the average in L* of the skin left neck. 116

Fig. 2-27. Comparison the average in L* of the skin right neck. 116

Fig. 2-28. Comparison the average in L* of the skin center of back neck. 116

Fig. 2-29. Comparison the average in the dermis thickness of the skin center of front neck. 120

Fig. 2-30. Comparison the average in dermis thickness of the skin left neck. 121

Fig. 2-31. Comparison the average in dermis thickness of the skin right neck. 121

Fig. 2-32. Comparison of dermis thickness in the skin center of front neck before and after experiment of high frequency + collagen group. 122

Fig. 2-33. Comparison of dermis thickness in the skin center of front neck before and after experiment of high frequency + collagen group. 123

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