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Title Page

ABSTRACT

Contents

List of abbreviations 18

General introduction 20

Chapter1. Abnormal neural activity in patients : Aberrant ventral striatal responses during incentive processing in unmedicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder 34

Introduction 35

Materials and methods 40

Results 50

Discussion 58

Chapter2. Abnormal functional connectivity in patients : Altered functional connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder during incentive processing and resting-state 65

Introduction 66

Methods and materials 72

Results 96

Discussion 126

General discussion 139

References 147

Supplementary materials 168

국문초록 179

List of Tables

Table 1-1. Demographlc and characteristics features and behavioral data 42

Table 1 2. Brain regions showing significant activaiton for gain... 52

Table 1-3. Brain regions showing significant activaiton for gain... 53

Table 1-4. Dlfferences in neural response between the control... 56

Table 2-1. Demographic and characteristics features and behavioral data... 76

Table 2-2. Anatomic regions-of-interest (ROIs) lncluded in the analysis,... 81

Table 2-3. Group differences in whole brain voxel-wise functional... 101

Table 2-4. Group differences in whole brain voxel-wise functional... 103

Table 2-5. Group differences in region wise functional connectivity in... 111

Table 2-6. Group differences in region-wise functional connectivity... 113

Table 2-7. Regions showing significant group differences on N-... 121

Supplementary Table 1. Group differences in whole brain voxel-wise... 173

Supplementary Table 2. Group differences in whole brain voxel-wise... 174

Supplementary Table 3. Group differences in whole brain voxel-wise... 175

Supplementary Tab1e 4. Group differences in whole brain voxel-wise... 176

Supplementary Tab1e 5. Group difference ln region-wise functional... 177

List of Figures

Figure 1. The OCD behavioral loop, Figure and legend adapted from... 22

Figure 2. Diagram illustrating two opposite views of the way cortical... 25

Figure 3. Parallel segregated corticostriatal connections A: Flgure adapted... 26

Figure 4. Direct and indirect pathways in corticostriatal loop and the model... 27

Figure 5. Reward processing networks. A: Figure and legend adapted from... 30

Figure 1-1. Depiction of the tast paradigm. There are three conditions.... 45

Figure 1-2. Task fMRI data analysis pipeline.... 49

Figure 1-3. Brain regions significantly activated in the control group and... 54

Figure 1-4. Brain regions significantly activated in the control group and... 55

Figure 1-5. Brain regions showing significant differences between two... 57

Figure 2-1. Integrative corticostriatal loops. Figure and legend adapted... 71

Figure 2-2. The flow chart of resting-state functional connectivity... 78

Figure 2-3. Region of interests (ROIs) for the reward system. A: Thirty-... 80

Figure 2-4. The flow chart of network analyses After fMRI data... 83

Figure 2-5. Schematic of regressors to construct the design matrix of... 85

Figure 2-6. A 32×32 matrix for functional connectivity network analysis 91

Figure 2-7. Mean functional connectivity of the reward network for the... 92

Figure 2-8. Whole brain functional connectivity maps of the nucleus... 99

Figure 2-9. Funcional activity map using univariate analysls and... 100

Figure 2-10. Brain regions showing significantly group differences in... 102

Figure 2-11. Brain regions showing significantly group differences and... 104

Figure 2-12. Brain regions showing significantly group differences and... 105

Figure 2-13. Region-wise (1-to-1) functional networks showing... 109

Figure 2-14. Group differences in region wise (1-to-1) fuctional... 110

Figure 2-15. Correlation matrix for each behavioral state in healthy... 112

Figure 2-16. Functional connections showing a significant main effect of... 114

Figure 2-17. Functional connections showing a significant main effect of... 115

Figure 2-18. Differential correlation matrix behavioral behavloral states.... 116

Figure 2-19. The results including the ROl pairs that showed between-... 117

Figure 2-20. The results including the ROl pairs that showed between-... 118

Figure 2-21. Ranking of the selected brain regions based on their... 122

Figure 2-22. Group comparison in the functional connectivity degree Γ of...(이미지참조) 123

Figure 2-23. Differences in the functional connectivity degree Γ in each...(이미지참조) 124

Figure 2-24. Brain regions showing group by condition interaction in total... 125

Figure 6. The modified corticostriatal model in OCD. Solid arrows are... 146

Supplementary Figure 1. Functional connectivity for each condition. There... 178

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