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표제지 1

목차 4

Abstract 6

Ⅰ. 서론 10

Ⅱ. 연구사 12

1. 목화진딧물 12

2. Imidacloprid 약제 저항성 14

Ⅲ. 재료 및 방법 17

1. 실험 곤충 및 저항성 선발 17

2. 실험 약제 19

3. 약제 저항성 모니터링 21

4. 협력 효과 시험 22

(1) 실험약제 22

(2) 협력제 효과 검증 22

5. 효소 활성 시험 23

(1) Cytochrome P₄₅₀-dependent monooxygenase 활성측정 23

(2) Esterase (EST) 활성 측정 23

(3) Glutathione S-transferase (GST) 활성 측정 24

6. nAChR β1 subunit point mutation 확인 25

Ⅳ. 결과 26

1. 약제 저항성 모니터링 26

2. 협력 효과 33

3. 무독화효소 활성 35

4. nAChR β1 subunit point mutation 확인 37

Ⅴ. 고찰 41

Ⅵ. 요약 43

Ⅶ. 인용문헌 44

표목차 8

Table 1. Information of A. gossypii population which collected from fileds 18

Table 2. Insecticides tested in this study 20

Table 3. Susceptibility of six field Strains of A. gossypii to 12 insecticides 28

Table 4. Cross-resistance to 12 insecticides in IMI-R strain of A. gossypii 31

Table 5. Insecticide synergism in the S and IMI-R strains of A. gossypii 34

Table 6. Metabolic enzyme activities in the S and IMI-R strains of A.... 36

Table 7. The resistance ratio and nuceotide sequence at the 81th amino... 38

그림목차 9

Fig. 1. Chemical structure of imidacloprid 16

Fig. 2. Percentage of corrected mortality to 12 insecticides of 6 field... 32

Fig. 3. Confirm of PCR products (A) and alignment of nucleotide sequences... 39

Fig. 4. Sequencing chromatograms of the standard template DNA at the... 40

초록보기

 The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera; Aphididae) is one of the most serious pests in the world including Korea. I surveyed insecticide susceptibility in field populations against 12 insecticides (6 neonicotinoids, 3 pyrethroids and 3 others) to examine the resistance ratio. The insecticide resistance ratio levels were very high, especially in neonicotinoids such as acetamiprid, clothianidin, thiacloprid and imidacloprid. To identify the neonicotinoid resistance mechanism, we used the imidacloprid resistant (IMI-R) strain as a model strain. IMI-R strain showed extremely high resistance ratio and also cross resistance in all neonicotinoids. However, there was no or less cross resistance in other insecticide including sulfoxaflor. Synergist tests and enzyme activity assays implied the absence of resistance mechanisms based on enhanced detoxification enzyme such as cytochrome P₄₅₀, esterase (EST) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). One point mutation was found in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) β1 subunit loop D region of IMI-R strain. The R81T point mutation was also found in field populations collected from 5 regions.

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