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Abstract 9

I. 서론 11

1.1. 연구 필요성 11

1.2. 연구 내용 14

II. 이론적 배경 16

2.1. 주석산업 개요 16

2.1.1. 주석자원 현황 18

2.1.2. 국내 주석 물질흐름 분석 22

2.2. 주석 제련 26

2.2.1. 비철 건식 제련 26

2.2.2. 주석 건식 제련 32

2.3. 주석 건식정련 39

2.3.1. 용리법 (Liquation) 41

2.3.2. 폴링 (Poling) 43

2.3.3. 건식 정련공정 환원제, flux 조정기술 45

2.4. 주석 전해정련 48

2.5. 주석 2차 자원 리싸이클링 기술 49

2.6. HSC Chemistry 56

III. 유리생산공정 발생 2차 자원인 주석산화물로부터 고순도 주석 회수 연구 59

3.1. 연구개요 59

3.2. 실험 방법 61

3.2.1. 시료준비 및 성분분석 61

3.2.2. 폐주석 산화물의 조석 환원 공정 64

3.2.3. 전해정련 70

3.3. 실험 결과 및 고찰 74

3.2.1. 시료분석 및 특징 74

3.2.2. 주석 산화물의 조석 환원 78

3.2.3. 전해정련 86

3.4. 결론 91

IV. 석도금 공정 발생 2차 자원인 주석슬러지로부터 고순도 주석 회수 연구 92

4.1. 연구개요 92

4.2. 실험 방법 94

4.2.1. 시료준비 및 성분분석 94

4.2.2. SIW 조석 환원 96

4.2.3. 전해정련 98

4.3. 실험 결과 및 고찰 100

4.3.1. 시료분석 및 특징 100

4.3.2. 주석 슬러지의 조석 환원 102

4.3.3. 전해정련 107

4.4. 결론 109

V. CH₄를 이용한 주석산화물 환원 연구 110

5.1. 연구개요 110

5.2. 연구방법 112

5.3. 연구결과 113

5.4. 결론 121

VI. 종합 결론 122

VII. 참고문헌 125

List of Tables

Table 1. Country resources circulation rate. 2011. MKE 25

Table 2. Reduction equilibrium of gas composition in SnO₂ 34

Table 3. Composition of refined tin 44

Table 4. Refined tin consumption in USA. 2004-2010 55

Table 5. Chemical composition of Tin oxide used in this study 75

Table 6. Chemical composition of crude Tin 81

Table 7. Chemical composition of hard head with the 2nd... 85

Table 8. Chemical composition of Tin after electrolytic refining 87

Table 9. The chemical composition of SIW used in this study 95

Table 10. Optimized coke ratio for the effective primary reduction... 104

Table 11. Chemical composition of Sn metal after electro-reduction... 108

Table 12. Tendency of SnO₂reduction with CH₄/SnO₂ratio 120

List of Figures

Fig. 1. Tin used for food containers 17

Fig. 2. World resource reserves of Tin in 2012 19

Fig. 3. World mine production of Tin in 2012 20

Fig. 4. Changes in Global tin production with year 21

Fig. 5. Domestic material Flow of Tin in 2009 24

Fig. 6. The phase diagram of CaO-SiO₂system 27

Fig. 7. The network structure of Silicate Slags 31

Fig. 8. The pyrometallurgical process flow chart 33

Fig. 9. Phase diagram of SnO - SiO₂system 35

Fig. 10. Relationship between slag composition and Sn mass 37

Fig. 11. Refining utility of Tin 40

Fig. 12. Phase diagram of Fe-Sn 42

Fig. 13. Production flow of the metals 51

Fig. 14. Production of the HMC 52

Fig. 15. Tin flow chart in USA, in thousand metric tons, 1998 54

Fig. 16. Process flow of floating method 60

Fig. 17. Photographs of Tin oxide(a) and Cokes(b) 62

Fig. 18. Flow chart of Experimental process 63

Fig. 19. Furnace used for the reduction experiment 65

Fig. 20. Photo of the carbon crucible for smelting 66

Fig. 21. Heating pattern of 1st smelting(이미지참조) 67

Fig. 22. Air cooling process after 1st smelting of crude tin(이미지참조) 68

Fig. 23. Heating pattern of 2nd smelting 69

Fig. 24. Schematic diagram of Tin electrolytic refining 71

Fig. 25. Equipment for electrolytic refining of crude Tin 72

Fig. 26. Anode plates of Tin 73

Fig. 27. XRD patterns of Tin Oxide 76

Fig. 28. SEM Photographs of Tin oxide (a) and Cokes (b) 77

Fig. 29. Photo of crude Tin after the 1st smelting(이미지참조) 80

Fig. 30. Recovery rate of crude Tin with reduction temp 82

Fig. 31. Photo of hard head after slag reduction 83

Fig. 32. The change of recovery rate with reduction temp. in total... 84

Fig. 33. Photograph of cathode plate after electrolytic refining 88

Fig. 34. Photograph of anode plate after electrolytic refining 89

Fig. 35. SEM photo of Tin after electrolytic... 90

Fig. 36. Schematic diagram of electroplating 93

Fig. 37. Heating pattern of Tin Oxide for the 1st & 2nd smelting(이미지참조) 97

Fig. 38. Equipment for electrolytic refining of crude Tin 99

Fig. 39. X -ray Diffraction pattern of the SIW 101

Fig. 40. Temperature dependent recovery of Sn from SIW. Smelting... 103

Fig. 41. Recovered Sn metal through the primary reduction of SIW... 106

Fig. 42. Standard Gibbs free energy of formation of reduction... 114

Fig. 43. HSC chemistry Analysis in CH₄/SnO₂ratio 1:1 117

Fig. 44. HSC chemistry Analysis in CH₄/SnO₂ratio 1.5:1 118

Fig. 45. HSC chemistry Analysis in CH₄/SnO₂ratio 2:1 119

초록보기

 Tin has been used in glass, electric & electronics, and steel making industry, where its consumption has increased drastically as the strategic material.

Most of the domestic need for tin rely on imports. On the other hand, the recycling rate of Tin waste remains in basic research.

In this work, a pyrometallurgical process was investigated to recover pure tin from the tin oxides in tin bath which results from the production of flat glass and LCD panel. From the results on the effect of reaction temperature, the highest recovery percentage of tin was obtained at 1350℃. The recovery percentage of tin was improved to 88% by employing the first and second smelting step. Electrorefining of the crude tin thus obtained led to pure tin with purity higher than 99.9%.

In addition, In order to develop a technology for the recovery of pure tin from the Sn containing industrial wastes (SIWs), a process consisted of high temperature reduction and electro-refining was investigated. The tin which exists as oxide in SIWs was successfully reduced by two consecutive high temperature treatments and 92.7% of the tin was recovered. The purity of the tin thus obtained was increased to 99.87% by electro-refining.

By applying the results obtained in this work, a commercial process can be developed to produce pure tin metals from domestic spent resources, which can reduce the amount of tin imported from abroad.

Last but not least, theoretical approach by HSC Chemistry was carried out for Tin reduction from SnO₂ by using CH₄. In this study, the possibility of Tin recovery process was investigated where synthetic gas(CO+H₂) was used, which would produce H₂ gas as well as Tin recovery.

Summarizing the result, the various methods including the theoretical aspect was attempted to find out the optimized method to reduce Sn from Tin oxide and practical result was obtained through this study.

참고문헌 (49건) : 자료제공( 네이버학술정보 )

참고문헌 목록에 대한 테이블로 번호, 참고문헌, 국회도서관 소장유무로 구성되어 있습니다.
번호 참고문헌 국회도서관 소장유무
1 KORES, 2011: General information of Tin 미소장
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3 Ju-Hyung Kim, 2000 : The method of extracting tin of high purity from dregs, Korean patent, No 10-2000-0034938 미소장
4 A Study on the Recovery of Sn and Ni from the Steel Ball Scraps for Barrel Plating 네이버 미소장
5 P&P: an asynchronous and distributed protocol for mobile sensor deployment 네이버 미소장
6 2013 : Solvent Extraction of Sn(IV) from Hydrochloric Acid Solution by Alamine 336, Kor. J. Met. Mater., Vol. 48, No. 10, pp. 929-935 미소장
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10 2007 : Preparation of Nano-Sized ITO powder from waste ITO target by spray pyrolysis process, J. of Korean Inst. of Resources Recycling, Vol. 18, No. 5, pp. 44-51 미소장
11 Recovery of indium from used indium–tin oxide (ITO) targets 네이버 미소장
12 2009 : Recovery of indium from In2O3 and liquid crystal display powder via a chloride volatilization process using polyvinyl chloride, Thermochimica Acta, Vol. 493, pp. 105–108 미소장
13 A1 Eng, 2012 : Method for withdrawing tin by dry refining from tin residue, Korean patent, No 10-1169925 미소장
14 1966 : Extractive Metallurgy of tin, Elsevier, pp.88-90 미소장
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19 Glass Substrates for Flat Panel Displays 네이버 미소장
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24 2012 :The influence of the hydrogen reduction process on the electrical properties of In2O3 : Sn thin films, Thin Solid Films Vol. 106, No. 3, pp.195-202 미소장
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27 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin 미소장
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30 World Bureau of Metal Statics, www.world-bureau.com 미소장
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32 Korea-Material Flow Analysis, http://k-mfa.kr/ 미소장
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34 1991 : Chemical metallurgy, pp. 246-251 미소장
35 A1 Eng, 2012 : Method for withdrawing tin by dry refining from tin sludge, Korean patent, No 10-1169927 미소장
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38 Tin recycling in the United States In 1998, U.S. Department of the interior U.S geological survey 미소장
39 2014 : Separation and Recovery of Tin and Indium from Spent ITO Sludge, J. of Korean Inst. of Resources Recycling Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 53-60 미소장
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