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동의어 포함
Title Page
ABSTRACT
Contents
INTRODUCTION 8
MATERIALS AND METHODS 9
Cell line and Cell Culture 9
Irradiation 9
Reagents and Antibodies 9
Plate Colony Forming Assay 9
Western Blot Analysis 10
Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR 10
Confocal Microscopy 10
RFP-LC3 Plasmid Transfection 11
Silencing of Beclin1 and MT3 genes 11
Lysosomal Enzyme Activity Assays 11
Statistics 12
RESULTS 13
Irradiation indnces autophagy in GL261 cells 13
Inhibition of autophagy decreases GL261 cell survival after irradiation 13
siRNA knockdown of Mt3 attenuates autophagy flux and decreases GL261 cell survival after irradiation 17
Elevation of cytosolic zinc levels by irradiation, which is attenuated by Mt3 knockdown 17
Depletion of labile zinc attenuates autophagy flux and decreases GL261 cell survival after irradiation 21
Mt3 knockdown and zinc depletion accelerate accumulation of functioning lysosomal enzymes in GL261 cells after irradiation, and inhibition of lysosomal enzymes decreases cell survival after irradiation 21
DISCUSSION 26
CONCLUSIONS 31
REFERENCES 32
국문요약 43
Fig. 1. Induction of autophagy in GL261 cells by irradiation. 14
Fig. 2. Inhibition of autophagy decreases GL261 cell survival after irradiation. 16
Fig. 3. siRNA knockdown of Mt3 attenuates autophagy flux and decreases GL261 cell... 18
Fig. 4. Elevation of cytosolic zinc levels by irradiation, which is attenuated by Mt3 knockdown 20
Fig. 5. Depletion of labile zinc attenuates autophagy flux and decreases GL261 cell... 22
Fig. 6. Mt3 knockdown and zinc depletion accelerate accumulation of functioning... 24
Fig. 7. A concept diagram for stage-dependent function of autophagy in tumorigenesis. 28
| 번호 | 참고문헌 | 국회도서관 소장유무 |
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| 1 | Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma. ![]() |
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| 2 | Survival of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma treated with radiation and temozolomide in research studies in the United States. ![]() |
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| 3 | Cost of migration: invasion of malignant gliomas and implications for treatment. ![]() |
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| 4 | Mechanisms of chemoresistance to alkylating agents in malignant glioma. ![]() |
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| 5 | Survival of the fittest: cancer stem cells in therapeutic resistance and angiogenesis. ![]() |
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| 6 | Autophagy as a cell death and tumor suppressor mechanism. ![]() |
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| 7 | The autophagic paradox in cancer therapy. ![]() |
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| 8 | Protein and mRNA expression of autophagy gene Beclin 1 in human brain tumours. ![]() |
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| 9 | Reduced expression of LC3B-II and Beclin 1 in glioblastoma multiforme indicates a down-regulated autophagic capacity that relates to the progression of astrocytic tumors. Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia 2010;17(12):1515-9. | 미소장 |
| 10 | Induction of autophagy and inhibition of tumorigenesis by beclin 1. ![]() |
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| 11 | Cloning and Genomic Organization of Beclin 1, a Candidate Tumor Suppressor Gene on Chromosome 17q21 ![]() |
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| 12 | Association of autophagy defect with a malignant phenotype and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. ![]() |
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| 13 | Tissue-specific autophagy alterations and increased tumorigenesis in mice deficient in Atg4C/autophagin-3. ![]() |
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| 14 | Beclin 1 and LC3 autophagic gene expression in cutaneous melanocytic lesions ![]() |
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| 15 | LC3A-Positive Light Microscopy Detected Patterns of Autophagy and Prognosis in Operable Breast Carcinomas ![]() |
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| 16 | Immunohistochemical expression of MAP1LC3A and MAP1LC3B protein in breast carcinoma tissues. ![]() |
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| 17 | Beclin 1 over- and underexpression in colorectal cancer: distinct patterns relate to prognosis and tumour hypoxia ![]() |
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| 18 | Relative down‐regulation of apoptosis and autophagy genes in colorectal cancer ![]() |
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| 19 | LC3, an autophagosome marker, is highly expressed in gastrointestinal cancers. ![]() |
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| 20 | Light-Chain 3A Autophagic Activity and Prognostic Significance in Non-small Cell Lung Carcinomas ![]() |
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| 21 | Overexpression and altered subcellular localization of autophagy-related 16-like 1 in human oral squamous-cell carcinoma: correlation with lymphovascular invasion and lymph-node metastasis ![]() |
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| 22 | Autophagy is activated in pancreatic cancer cells and correlates with poor patient outcome ![]() |
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| 23 | Association and dissociation of autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis by systematic chemical study. ![]() |
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| 24 | Targeting autophagy during cancer therapy to improve clinical outcomes ![]() |
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| 25 | Induction of autophagy by drug-resistant esophageal cancer cells promotes their survival and recovery following treatment with chemotherapeutics ![]() |
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| 26 | BH3-only proteins and BH3 mimetics induce autophagy by competitively disrupting the interaction between Beclin 1 and Bcl-2/Bcl-X(L). ![]() |
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| 27 | Arginine deiminase as a novel therapy for prostate cancer induces autophagy and caspase-independent apoptosis. ![]() |
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| 28 | Celecoxib-induced apoptosis is enhanced by ABT-737 and by inhibition of autophagy in human colorectal cancer cells. ![]() |
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| 29 | The epidermal growth factor receptor antibody cetuximab induces autophagy in cancer cells by downregulating HIF-1alpha and Bcl-2 and activating the beclin 1/hVps34 complex. ![]() |
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| 30 | Autophagy inhibition and antimalarials promote cell death in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). ![]() |
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| 31 | The Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitor INNO-406 induces autophagy and different modes of cell death execution in Bcr-Abl-positive leukemias ![]() |
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| 32 | Proteasome inhibition: A new therapeutic strategy to cancer treatment ![]() |
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| 33 | Perifosine inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin signaling through facilitating degradation of major components in the mTOR axis and induces autophagy. ![]() |
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| 34 | Akt and Autophagy Cooperate to Promote Survival of Drug-Resistant Glioma ![]() |
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| 35 | A natural BH3 mimetic induces autophagy in apoptosis-resistant prostate cancer via modulating Bcl-2-Beclin1 interaction at endoplasmic reticulum. ![]() |
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| 36 | Targeted Activation of Innate Immunity for Therapeutic Induction of Autophagy and Apoptosis in Melanoma Cells ![]() |
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| 37 | c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation is essential for DRAM-dependent induction of autophagy and apoptosis in 2-methoxyestradiol-treated Ewing sarcoma cells. ![]() |
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| 38 | PERK-dependent regulation of ceramide synthase 6 and thioredoxin play a key role in mda-7/IL-24-induced killing of primary human glioblastoma multiforme cells. ![]() |
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| 39 | Autophagy upregulation by inhibitors of caspase-3 and mTOR enhances radiotherapy in a mouse model of lung cancer. ![]() |
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| 40 | Sodium selenite induces superoxide-mediated mitochondrial damage and subsequent autophagic cell death in malignant glioma cells. ![]() |
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| 41 | A Molecule Targeting VHL-Deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma that Induces Autophagy ![]() |
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| 42 | The pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor (-)-gossypol triggers autophagic cell death in malignant glioma. ![]() |
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| 43 | Autophagy inhibition radiosensitizes in vitro, yet reduces radioresponses in vivo due to deficient immunogenic signalling. ![]() |
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| 44 | Radiation-induced autophagy is associated with LC3 and its inhibition sensitizes malignant glioma cells. ![]() |
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| 45 | Blocked autophagy sensitizes resistant carcinoma cells to radiation therapy. ![]() |
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| 46 | The induction of autophagy by gamma-radiation contributes to the radioresistance of glioma stem cells. ![]() |
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| 47 | The role of autophagy in sensitizing malignant glioma cells to radiation therapy ![]() |
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| 48 | A Switch Between Cytoprotective and Cytotoxic Autophagy in the Radiosensitization of Breast Tumor Cells by Chloroquine and Vitamin D ![]() |
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| 49 | Autophagy ![]() |
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| 50 | Different involvement of autophagy in human malignant glioma cell lines undergoing irradiation and temozolomide combined treatments. ![]() |
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| 51 | Potential therapeutic applications of autophagy ![]() |
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| 52 | Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy ![]() |
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| 53 | Metallothionein‐3 regulates lysosomal function in cultured astrocytes under both normal and oxidative conditions ![]() |
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| 54 | Current review of in vivo GBM rodent models: emphasis on the CNS-1 tumour model ![]() |
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| 55 | Oxidative injury triggers autophagy in astrocytes: the role of endogenous zinc. ![]() |
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| 56 | Roles of zinc and metallothionein-3 in oxidative stress-induced lysosomal dysfunction, cell death, and autophagy in neurons and astrocytes ![]() |
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| 57 | Methylation silencing of ULK2, an autophagy gene, is essential for astrocyte transformation and tumor growth. ![]() |
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| 58 | Autophagy variation within a cell population determines cell fate through selective degradation of Fap-1. ![]() |
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| 59 | The role of zinc in selective neuronal death after transient global cerebral ischemia. ![]() |
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| 60 | The neurobiology of zinc in health and disease. ![]() |
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| 61 | Zinc and Brain Injury ![]() |
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| 62 | Zinc toxicity on cultured cortical neurons: Involvement of N-methyl- d-aspartate receptors ![]() |
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| 63 | Essential cellular regulatory elements of oxidative stress in early and late phases of apoptosis in the central nervous system. ![]() |
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| 64 | Neuronal and glial apoptosis in human traumatic brain injury ![]() |
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| 65 | Astrocyte metabolism and signaling during brain ischemia. ![]() |
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| 66 | Zinc and Disease of the Brain ![]() |
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| 67 | Crosstalk between Nitric Oxide and Zinc Pathways to Neuronal Cell Death Involving Mitochondrial Dysfunction and p38-Activated K + Channels ![]() |
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| 68 | ERK signaling leads to mitochondrial dysfunction in extracellular zinc‐induced neurotoxicity ![]() |
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| 69 | Zn2+‐induced ERK activation mediated by reactive oxygen species causes cell death in differentiated PC12 cells ![]() |
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| 70 | The role of NADPH oxidase, neuronal nitric oxide synthase and poly(ADP ribose) polymerase in oxidative neuronal death induced in cortical cultures by brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin‐4/5 ![]() |
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| 71 | 1,3-dioxplane이 용액 가공 폴리카보네이트 필름 구조 형성에 미치는 영향 | 소장 |
| 72 | NADE, a p75NTR-associated cell death executor, is involved in signal transduction mediated by the common neurotrophin receptor p75NTR. ![]() |
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| 73 | Co-induction of p75NTR and p75NTR-associated death executor in neurons after zinc exposure in cortical culture or transient ischemia in the rat. ![]() |
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| 74 | Zn(2+) induces permeability transition pore opening and release of pro-apoptotic peptides from neuronal mitochondria. ![]() |
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| 75 | Zinc and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal mediate lysosomal membrane permeabilization induced by H2O2 in cultured hippocampal neurons. ![]() |
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| 76 | The role of metallothionein in oncogenesis and cancer prognosis ![]() |
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| 77 | Prognostic significance of augmented metallothionein (MT) expression correlated with Ki-67 antigen expression in selected soft tissue sarcomas. ![]() |
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| 78 | Augmented expression of metallothionein and glutathione S-transferase pi as unfavourable prognostic factors in cisplatin-treated ovarian cancer patients ![]() |
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| 79 | METALLOTHIONEIN EXPRESSION IN RENAL CELL CARCINOMA: SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION AND PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE ![]() |
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| 80 | Role of metallothionein expression in non-small cell lung carcinomas. Roczniki Akademii Medycznej w Bialymstoku (1995) 2004;49 Suppl 1:43-5. | 미소장 |
| 81 | Metallothionein 1F and 2A overexpression predicts poor outcome of non-small cell lung cancer patients ![]() |
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| 82 | Prognostic significance of metallothionein expression in correlation with Ki-67 expression in adenocarcinomas of large intestine. ![]() |
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| 83 | MT-III, a Brain-Specific Member of the Metallothionein Gene Family ![]() |
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| 84 | Induction of a new metallothionein isoform (MT-IV) occurs during differentiation of stratified squamous epithelia. ![]() |
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| 85 | The growth inhibitory factor that is deficient in the Alzheimer's disease brain is a 68 amino acid metallothionein-like protein ![]() |
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| 86 | Growth-Inhibitory Factor, Metallothionein-Like Protein, and Neurodegenerative Diseases ![]() |
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| 87 | Developmental immunohistochemistry of growth inhibitory factor in normal brains and brains of patients with Down syndrome ![]() |
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| 88 | Neuron death and glial response in pontosubicular necrosis. The role of the growth inhibitory factor ![]() |
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| 89 | Differential expression of metallothioneins in human prion diseases. ![]() |
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| 90 | Astrocytes of the murine model for Down Syndrome Ts65Dn display reduced intracellular ionic zinc ![]() |
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| 91 | Disruption of the metallothionein-III gene in mice: analysis of brain zinc, behavior, and neuron vulnerability to metals, aging, and seizures. ![]() |
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| 92 | Role of metallothionein-III following central nervous system damage. ![]() |
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| 93 | Disease progression in a transgenic model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is dependent on both neuronal and non-neuronal zinc binding proteins. ![]() |
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| 94 | Role of metallothioneins in peripheral nerve function and regeneration ![]() |
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| 95 | Zinc released from metallothionein-iii may contribute to hippocampal CA1 and thalamic neuronal death following acute brain injury ![]() |
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| 96 | The role of reciprocal activation of cAbl and Mst1 in the Oxidative death of cultured astrocytes ![]() |
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| 97 | Abl kinases regulate autophagy by promoting the trafficking and function of lysosomal components. ![]() |
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| 98 | Role of zinc metallothionein-3 (ZnMt3) in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced c-Abl protein activation and actin polymerization in cultured astrocytes. ![]() |
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