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동의어 포함

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Title Page

ABSTRACT

Contents

Chapter 1. Introduction 12

1.1. Research Background 12

1.2. Dissertation Outline 14

Chapter 2. An Alternative Approach for Portfolio Performance Evaluation 16

2.1. Chapter Introduction 16

2.2. Performance Distribution of All Feasible Portfolios 18

2.2.1. Defining a Uniformly Distributed Random Portfolio 18

2.2.2. Probability Distribution of Sharpe Ratio of UDRP 21

2.2.3. UDRP with No-Short Constraint 26

2.3. Is UDRP Representative of All Feasible Portfolios? 30

2.4. Chapter Summary 36

Chapter 3. Performance Evaluation of Benchmark Portfolios 37

3.1. Chapter Introduction 37

3.2. Cap-weighted Portfolios 38

3.3. Equally-weighted Portfolios 39

3.4. Performance Evaluation via UDRP 40

3.5. Chapter Summary 46

Chapter 4. The Importance of Asset Allocation 48

4.1. Chapter Introduction 48

4.2. A Mathematical Justification for Asset Allocation 49

4.2.1. Portfolio Performance Distribution 49

4.2.2. Asset Allocation vs. Security Selection - In an Investor's Point of View 54

4.2.3. Asset Allocation vs. Security Selection - In the Market Point of View 58

4.3. Empirical Analysis 62

4.3.1. Criteria for a Well-designed Asset Universe 62

4.3.2. An Empirical Example - Style Classification in Equity Market 63

4.4. Chapter Summary 65

Chapter 5. The Importance of Asset Class Design 66

5.1. Chapter Introduction 66

5.2. Current Within-Stock Classification - Style and Industry 67

5.3. Optimal Asset Classification 69

5.3.1. Formulation 71

5.4. Cost of Asset Allocation 74

5.4.1. Performance Evaluation of Various Classification Schemes 74

5.4.2. Factor Analysis - Method of Classification, α or β? 78

5.5. Chapter Summary 81

Chapter 6. On the Viability of Robo-Advising for Individual Investors 83

6.1. Chapter Introduction 83

6.2. Construction of Optimal Mean-Variance Portfolio with a Limited Size 85

6.3. Empirical Analysis - The Impact of Portfolio Size on Portfolio Risk 88

6.4. Chapter Summary 93

Chapter 7. Conclusion 94

7.1. Proposition of New Methodologies 94

7.2. Findings on Diversification Strategies 95

7.2.1. Passive Investing and Performance Benchmarking 95

7.2.2. Asset Allocation and Asset Class Design 95

7.2.3. Robo-Advising and Financial Technology (FinTech) 96

Appendix A. Formulas for the Surface Area of the Intersection of Two Hyperspherical Caps 97

References 114

요약문 124

List of Tables

Table 2.1: Number of U.S. equity mutual funds available from the CRSP database... 31

Table 2.2: Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics between the Sharpe ratio distributions of... 34

Table 2.3: Distributional statistics of the Sharpe ratio distributions of... 35

Table 3.1: List of datasets 42

Table 3.2: Averages and standard deviations of historical performance rankings... 45

Table 3.3: Test of the hypotheses H0cap and H0eq in various datasets(이미지참조) 45

Table A.1: Surface area of the intersection of two hyperspherical caps 99

List of Figures

Figure 2.1: Relationship between θi and SR(wi/μ,Σ) in a three-asset market...(이미지참조) 23

Figure 2.2: Wunif outperforms Ws when LΣTWunif lies on the surface of the hyperspherical cap (dark blue)(이미지참조) 24

Figure 2.3: PDF (red) and CDF (blue) of the normalized Sharpe ratio of wunif...(이미지참조) 26

Figure 2.4: Feasible region corresponding to the no-short constraint (dark blue) 28

Figure 2.5: WFR+unif outperforms Ws when LΣTWFR+unif lies on the surface of C(LΣT1,θFR+)∩C(LΣTW*,θs)(이미지참조) 29

Figure 2.6: Comparison between the Sharpe ratio distributions of U.S. equity mutual funds (black bar charts),... 32

Figure 2.7: Comparison between the cumulative Sharpe ratio distributions of... 33

Figure 3.1-1: Historical performance rankings of cap-weighted portfolio among the non-negative UDRP... 43

Figure 3.1-2: Historical performance rankings of cap-weighted portfolio among the non-negative UDRP... 43

Figure 3.2-1: Historical performance rankings of equally-weighted portfolio among the non-negative UDRP... 44

Figure 3.2-2: Historical performance rankings of equally-weighted portfolio among the non-negative UDRP... 44

Figure 4.1: Relative performance level 54

Figure 4.2: Managerial skill √1-I2α-1(N-1/2,1/2)/1-I2α-1(n-1/2,1/2) (line) and asset class well-designedness k(D) (dashed line)(이미지참조) 57

Figure 4.3: Average of ε with respect to к(D) 63

Figure 4.4: Empirical ε and outperformance of style classification 64

Figure 5.1: Graphical representation of the concept of Optimal Asset Classification 70

Figure 5.2: Sharpe ratios of security selection and four classification schemes 75

Figure 5.3: Efficient frontiers of security selection and four classification schemes 76

Figure 5.4: Average correlations of four classification schemes 77

Figure 5.5: Sharpe ratios and average correlations of four classification schemes in the larger universe 79

Figure 5.6: Absolute sum of as of optimal and style asset classes 79

Figure 5.7: Factor loadings of optimal and style asset classes... 80

Figure 5.8: Market betas of the K-means clusters 81

Figure 6.1: Impact of budget on portfolio risk 89

Figure 6.2: Number of stocks in optimal portfolio 91

Figure 6.3: Number of stocks in optimal portfolio (solid line) compared with... 92

Figure A.1: Case 1 in Table A.1 98

Figure A.2: Cases 2 and 3 in Table A.1 100

Figure A.3: Cases 4 and 5 in Table A.1 101

Figure A.4: Case 8 in Table A.1(in R³) 102

Figure A.5: Case 8 in Table A.1 (in R²) 102

Figure A.6: Left part of the intersection in Figure A.5 as... 103

Figure A.7: Cases 6 and 7 in Table A.1 104

Figure A.8: Cases 9 and 10 in Table A.1 105

Figure A.9: Case 11 in Table A.1 106

Figure A.10: Case 12 in Table A.1 106

Figure A.11: Case 13 in Table A.1 107

Figure A.12: Case 14 in Table A.1 107

Figure A.13: Case 15 in Table A.1 108

Figure A.14: Case 16 in Table A.1 108

Figure A.15: Case 17 in Table A.1 109

Figure A.16: Case 18 in Table A.1 109

Figure A.17: Case 19 in Table A.1 110

Figure A.18: Case 20 in Table A.1 110

Figure A.19: Case 21 in Table A.1 111

Figure A.20: Case 22 in Table A.1 111

Figure A.21: Case 23 in Table A.1 112

Figure A.22: Case 24 in Table A.1 112

Figure A.23: Case 25 in Table A.1 113