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The studies were conducted to investigate real condition of mycotoxin contamination in the fields before harvest and by the storages of rice straw used as roughage in Korea. It was found mycotoxin contamination before harvest of rice straw that the rice plants were detected deoxynivalenol at the initial growth, ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol at the middle growth, and deoxynivalenol and zearalenone at the harvest periods in the fields. Also, the rice plants were contaminated by various fungi such as Fusarium sp., Fusarium proliferatum, Penicillium sp., Gibberella sp., Gibberella zeae, Mucor circinelloides and Aspergillus oryzae. The levels of fungal contamination were 103-4 cfu/g at the initial growth, and 104-5 cfu/g at the middle growth and harvest periods. All storage types of rice straw were contaminated with zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and ochratoxins A. The samples of rice straw contaminating mycotoxins were account for 3% in bundle rice straw, and 38% in both types of square rice straw and rice round bale silage, respectively. When 105 samples of rice bale silage were analyzed for mycotoxins depending on the regional area, mycotoxin contamination was found in 46% of total samples in Korea. Regional contaminations of mycotoxins were respectively 48, 33, 40, 50 and 57% of samples in Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Chungcheng, Yeongnam and Honam area. Rice round bale silage was contaminated by three kinds of mycotoxins (zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and ochratoxinsA) in the all of area without Chungcheong area where was contaminated zearalenone and deoxynivalenol. Ochratoxins A, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone were respectively determinated with the average levels of 2.6, 413 and 338 μg/kg in rice round bale silage for the overall area, even if it was some difference depending on each regional area. Therefore, the above results clearly show that the rice straws were exposed to the contamination by mycotoxin and mycotoxigenic fungi before harvest in the fields, and mycotoxin contamination was not dependent on the regional area or the storage types such as bundle rice straw, square rice straw and rice round bale silage.

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A nutritional evaluation on whole cottonseed removed germination ability by heat-treatment Sahng-Wook Hahm, Heyin Son, Seong-Gwang Baek, Hyeok Kwon, Wook Kim, Young-Kyoon Oh, Yong-Suk Son pp.39-44

조사료 급여 수준이 Holstein 착유우의 산유 특성에 미치는 영향 이배훈, Ghassemi Nejad Jalil, 김현섭, 성경일 pp.45-51

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가열온도, 가열시간 및 부형제의 첨가량이 도축 반추위 내용물의 자일란, 셀룰로오스 및 전분 분해효소 활성에 미치는 영향 원미영, 이도형, 김은중 pp.58-66

참고문헌 (44건) : 자료제공( 네이버학술정보 )

참고문헌 목록에 대한 테이블로 번호, 참고문헌, 국회도서관 소장유무로 구성되어 있습니다.
번호 참고문헌 국회도서관 소장유무
1 Akiyama, H., Goda, Y., Tanaka, T. and Toyoda, M. 2001. Determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in spices using a multifunctional column clean-up. Journal of Chromatography. 932:153-157. 미소장
2 Incidence of Penicillium roqueforti and roquefortine C in silages 네이버 미소장
3 Auerbach, H. 2003. Mould growth and mycotoxin contamination of silage: sources, types and solution. In: Nutritional Biotechnology in the Feed and Food Industries (T.P. Lyons and K.A. Jacques). Nottingham Univ. Press, United Kingdom. pp. 247-265. 미소장
4 Nutritive Value of Damp Rice Straw and its Feeding Effect on Aflatoxin Transmission into Cows Milk 네이버 미소장
5 Binder, E.M., Tan, L.M., Chin, L.J., Handl, J. and Richard, J. 2007. Worldwide occurrence of mycotoxins in commodities, feeds and feed ingredients. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 137: 265-282. 미소장
6 Brookman, J.L., Mennim, G., Trinci, A.P.J., Theodorou, M.K. and Tuckwell, D.S. 2000. Identification and characterization of anaerobic gut fungi using molecular methodologies based on ribosomal ITS1 and 18SrRNA. Microbioloy. 145:393-403. 미소장
7 Mycotoxins in potato tubers infected byFusarium sambucinum. 네이버 미소장
8 In Vitro Metabolism of Fumonisin B1 by Ruminal Microflora 네이버 미소장
9 CAST (Council for Agricultural Science & Technology). 1989. Mycotoxins: Economics and health risks. Task Force Report No. 116. Ames, Iowa. 미소장
10 Fusarium mycotoxins in forage maize — occurrence, risk assessment, minimization 네이버 미소장
11 Biological Action of Mycotoxins 네이버 미소장
12 Fusarium species from nepalese rice and production of mycotoxins and gibberellic acid by selected species. 네이버 미소장
13 Mycotoxins 네이버 미소장
14 The Mycotoxin Blue Book 네이버 미소장
15 Clinical effects and biochemical mechanisms associated with exposure to the mycoestrogen zearalenone 네이버 미소장
16 Lower fumonisin mycotoxin levels in the grain of Bt corn grown in the United States in 2000-2002. 네이버 미소장
17 Huwig, A., Freimund, S., Kappeli, O. and Dutler, H. 2001. Mycotoxin detoxication of animal feed by different adsorbents. Toxicology Letters. 122:179-188. 미소장
18 The Mycotoxin Blue Book 네이버 미소장
19 Lacey, I. 1991. Natural occurrence of mycotoxins in growing and conserved forage crops. In: J.E. Smith and R.E. Henderson (Eds.). Mycotoxin and Animal Foods. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla. pp. 363-397. 미소장
20 Genetic diversity and fitness of Fusarium graminearum populations from rice in Korea. 네이버 미소장
21 Leslie, J.F. and Summerell, B.A. 2006. The Fusarium laboratory manual. Blackwell Publishing Professional, Ames, Iowa. USA. 미소장
22 Analysis of ochratoxins from buffered rumen fluid by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 네이버 미소장
23 Li, S.R., Marquardt, R., Frohlich, A.A., Vitti, T.G. and Crow, G. 1997. Pharmacokinetics of ochratoxin A and its metabolites in rats. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 145:82-90. 미소장
24 Rice Straw, It`s Quality and Quantity as Affected by Storage Systems in Bangladesh 네이버 미소장
25 Relationships Between Weather Conditions, Agronomic Practices, and Fermentation Characteristics with Deoxynivalenol Content in Fresh and Ensiled Maize 네이버 미소장
26 Microbiological and molecular determination of mycobiota in fresh and ensiled maize silage. 네이버 미소장
27 Mateo, J.J., Liorens, A., Mateo, R. and Jimenez, M. 2001. Critical study of and improvements in chromatographic methods for the analysis of type B trichothecenes. Journal of Chromatography. 918:99-112. 미소장
28 Morgavi, D. and Riley, R.T. 2007. An historical overview of field disease outbreaks known or suspected to be caused by consumption of feeds contaminated with Fusarium toxins. Animal Feed Science and Technolchnology. 137:201-212. 미소장
29 Pestka, J.J. 2007. Deoxynivalenol: toxicity, mechanisms and health risks. Animal Feed Science and Technolchnology. 137:283-298. 미소장
30 Phillips, S. and Wareing, P. 1993. Mycological analysis of rice straw samples collected in bangladesh. File Note ProjectAO317. Natural Resources Institute, Chatham Marham Maritime, UK. 미소장
31 The mycoflora and incidence of aflatoxin, zearalenone and sterigmatocystin in dairy feed and forage samples from Eastern India and Bangladesh 네이버 미소장
32 Incidence of molds and mycotoxins in commercial animal feed mills in seven midwestern states, 1988-1989. 네이버 미소장
33 DNA Sequencing with Chain-Terminating Inhibitors 네이버 미소장
34 Santin, E. 2005. Mould growth and mycotoxin production. In: The Mycotoxin Blue Book (D.E. Diaz ed.). Nottingham Univ. Press, United Kingdom. pp. 225-234. 미소장
35 Occurrence and significance of mycotoxins in forage crops and silage: a review 네이버 미소장
36 Aspergillus Fumigatus in Samples of Moldy Silage 네이버 미소장
37 Vicam, L.P. 1998. VICAM zearalatest intruction mannual. Vicam, Watertown, MA, USA. 미소장
38 Visconti, A. and Pascale, M. 1998. Determination of zearalenone in corn by means of immunoaffinity clean-up and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluroscence detection. Journal of Chromatography. 815:133-140. 미소장
39 Detection ofFusarium trichothecenes (nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, fusarenone and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol) by high-performance liquid chromatography 네이버 미소장
40 Fumonisins: Toxicokinetics, mechanism of action and toxicity 네이버 미소장
41 Mycotoxin risk assessment for the purpose of setting international regulatory standards. 네이버 미소장
42 Wu, F. 2006. Economic impact of fumonisin and aflatoxin regulations on global corn and peanut markets. In: Barug, D., Bhatnager, D., van Egmond, H.P., van der Kamp, J.W., van Osenbruggen, W.A., Viscinti, A. (Eds.), The Mycotoxin Factbook. Food & Feed Topics. Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands. 미소장
43 Metabolites of ochratoxins in rat urine and in a culture of Aspergillus ochraceus. 네이버 미소장
44 사료관리법. [시행 2011. 1. 1]. [법률 제10219호, 2010. 3. 31]. 미소장

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