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Part I Understanding the Notion of Central Bank Digital Currency
1 Terminology and Motives for Central Bank Digital Currency 3
1.1 Terminology and Delimitations 4
1.1.1 Scriptural Money 4
1.1.2 E-Money 6
1.1.3 Crypto Token 7
1.1.4 Central Bank Money 9
1.2 Motives for Introducing Central Bank Digital Currency 9
1.2.1 Dwindling Usage of Cash 9
1.2.2 Technological Change and Innovation 11
1.2.3 Situations of Oligopoly in the Digital Payments
Sector 12
1.2.4 Sovereignty 13
1.2.5 Miscellaneous Motives 15
References 16
2 Technical Design 19
2.1 Issuance and Circulation 20
2.1.1 Direct Model 20
2.1.2 Hybrid and Intermediated Model 21
2.1.3 Indirect Model 23
2.2 Technical Infrastructure 25
2.2.1 Distributed Ledger Technology 25
2.2.2 Blockchain 26
2.2.3 Corda 28
2.2.4 TIPS 29
2.3 Design of the Payment System 30
2.3.1 Account-Based or Claim-Based or Online
Functionality 30
2.3.2 Bearer-Instrument or Value-Based or Token-Based
or Offline Functionality 31
2.3.3 Terminology for the Digital Euro 32
2.4 Models of the European Central Bank 33
2.4.1 Centralised Approach 33
2.4.2 Combined Approach 33
2.4.3 Blockchain Approach 34
2.4.4 Offline Approach 35
2.5 Summary 36
References 36
Part II Analysing the Legal Aspects of Central Bank Digital Currency
3 Monetary Constitutional Law 43
3.1 European Union’s Competence 43
3.2 European Central Bank’s Competence 45
3.2.1 Account-Based Digital Euro 46
3.2.2 Digital Euro as a Bearer-Instrument 48
3.3 Role of the European Union Co-Legislators 53
3.3.1 Legislative Powers 54
3.3.2 Scope of the Legislative Powers 57
3.4 Conclusion 57
References 57
4 Roles of the Parties Involved 61
4.1 Distribution and Services 61
4.2 Settlement 63
4.3 Scheme 65
4.4 Conclusion 67
References 68
5 Status as Legal Tender 69
5.1 Concept of Legal Tender 69
5.2 Acquiring Legal Tender Status and Consequences 70
5.3 Status in the Case of an Introduction Under EU
Secondary Law 71
5.3.1 Blocking Effect of the Existing Law 71
5.3.2 Unilateral Exclusion of Mandatory Acceptance . 72
5.4 Exemptions of Mandatory Acceptance 73
5.5 Legal Tender of Euro Cash 76
5.6 Conclusion 78
References 79
6 Aspects of Fundamental Rights 81
6.1 Background 81
6.2 Legal Context and Principles of European Data Protection . 84
6.2.1 Legal Framework of European Data Protection ....... 84
6.2.2 Principles of Data Protection 86
6.3 Privacy-Friendly Design 88
6.4 Opinion 90
6.5 Conclusion 93
References 94
7 Private Law 97
7.1 Legal Nature of the Digital Euro in Private Law 97
7.1.1 Central Bank Digital Currency as a Bearer-Instrument 97
7.1.2 Account-Based Central Bank Digital Currency . 104
7.1.3 Interim Result 104
7.2 Usability in Legal Relations 105
7.2.1 Law of Monetary Obligations 105
7.2.2 Legal Change of Ownership 107
7.3 Special Areas of Civil Law 119
7.3.1 Central Bank Digital Currency in Individual
Compulsory Enforcement 120
7.3.2 Central Bank Digital Currency Under
Insolvency Law 129
7.3.3 Central Bank Digital Currency in the
Deposit Business 135
7.4 European Harmonisation 139
7.4.1 Legal Basis of Competence 140
7.4.2 Legal Limits of Exercising European Union’s
Competence 141
7.4.3 Form of Legal Act 143
7.4.4 Design and Content 144
7.5 Conclusion 147
References 147
Part III Analysing the Economic Aspects of Central Bank Digital
Currency
8 Economic Implications of Central Bank Digital Currency 157
8.1 Bank Disintermediation Risks 157
8.1.1 Structural Disintermediation 157
8.1.2 Cyclical Disintermediation 162
8.1.3 Preliminary Conclusions 164
8.2 Legal Context 165
8.2.1 Fundamental Rights 165
8.2.2 Public Interests 167
8.2.3 Division of Powers 169
8.3 Design Options 175
8.3.1 Remuneration 175
8.3.2 Holding and Transaction Limits 177
8.3.3 Miscellaneous Measures 178
8.4 Opinion 181
References 184
9 Monetary Policy 189
9.1 Monetary Policy’s Mode of Action 189
9.2 Central Bank Digital Currency’s Impact 191
9.2.1 Central Bank Digital Currency and Monetary
Policy Transmission 192
9.2.2 Legal Considerations 198
9.3 Summary 203
References 203
Part IV Conclusion
10 A Milestone in the History of Means of Payment 209
References 211
Appendix: Draft Proposal for a Regulation on the Digital Euro 213

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Central bank digital currency : a technical, legal and economic analysis 이용현황 표 - 등록번호, 청구기호, 권별정보, 자료실, 이용여부로 구성 되어있습니다.
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This book offers a deeper understanding of digitisation and innovative technologies in the financial sector. It focuses on a digital version of sovereignly created money that is accessible to the broad public. This central bank digital currency (CBDC) raises several questions. Will CBDC lead to public surveillance of the citizens? What is digital money in the legal sense? And what is the difference to already existing forms of digital money? This book addresses main questions associated with central bank digital currency by providing background information as well as in-depth analyses.

The book introduces a basic understanding of innovative technologies such as the distributed ledger technology. It shows how a system of money can be created and what roles each participant has. Taking an economic point of view, the book demonstrates the monetary policy in the euro area and examines how a digital version of public money could affect the transmission mechanism as well as the financial stability. Could CBDC lead to a "digital bank run"? Could it replace the established financial intermediaries such as banks? What would that mean to the economy?
Mainly, the book focuses on the legal issues of CBDC. Which is the competent institution for establishing digital public money? Will digital money change the way of how we handle financial data? Also, the book examines the legal usability of CBDC in the economy. How can digital money based on innovative technologies be transferred in accordance with the law? Can a debtor of a monetary claim flee into the digital currency?

This book addresses the public and private sector participants as well as the legislators on how to handle CBDC. Most important, the book addresses everyone interested in digitisation and innovative financial technology who wants to gain a deeper understanding of the next big evolvement of money.



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