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Title page 1

Contents 4

Foreword by the Prime Minister 6

Foreword by the Home Secretary 7

Chapter 1: Net Migration Must Come Down 10

INTRODUCTION 10

THE CASE FOR CHANGE 11

IMPACTS OVER RECENT YEARS 15

MEASURING MIGRATION 18

NEXT STEPS 19

Chapter 2: Migration, Labour Market and Growth 20

THE CASE FOR CHANGE 23

LABOUR MARKET EVIDENCE GROUP 27

WORKFORCE STRATEGIES 27

SKILLED WORKERS: RAISING THE THRESHOLDS 28

TEMPORARY SHORTAGE LIST 29

ADULT SOCIAL CARE 30

REFUGEE EMPLOYMENT 30

IMMIGRATION SKILLS CHARGE 30

GLOBAL TALENT 31

Chapter 3: Skilled Students 33

THE CASE FOR CHANGE 34

STUDENTS 34

GRADUATES 37

STUDENTS: RESPONSIBLE RECRUITMENT 39

SHORT-TERM STUDY 41

GRADUATES 42

Chapter 4: Fair Controls 43

THE CASE FOR CHANGE 45

FAMILY REFORMS 45

REFORM OF FAMILY MIGRATION 46

EXCEPTIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES 46

HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE 48

WINDRUSH 49

PROTECTING THE VULNERABLE FROM EXPLOITATION 50

Chapter 5: Rules Respected and Enforced 53

THE CASE FOR CHANGE 55

STRONG BORDERS 59

TACKLING ABUSE 60

ENFORCEMENT 63

FOREIGN NATIONAL OFFENDERS 65

Chapter 6: Fostering Integration and Cohesion 67

THE CASE FOR CHANGE 68

ENGLISH LANGUAGE 68

EARNED SETTLEMENT 71

EARNED CITIZENSHIP 72

Chapter 7: Conclusion - A System Fit for the Future 74

Figures 12

Figure 1. Immigration, emigration and net migration, Year Ending (YE) June 2012 to YE June 2024 12

Figure 2. G7 real GDP % Change Compared to Pre-Pandemic Level 15

Figure 3. The change in UK payrolled employments by nationality group 16

Figure 4. Share of skilled worker visas issued in RQF 3 and below, RQF 4-5 and RQF 6 and above occupations 23

Figure 5. Volumes of work visas by route and SW dependants 24

Figure 6. The count of new, post-Spring 2024 Skilled Workers, by RQF level group, top 10 UK industries 25

Figure 7. Sponsored study visas granted by applicant type, 2014 to 2024 34

Figure 8. Students coming to the end of their studies, by subsequent leave category 2019-2024 36

Figure 9. Applications for extensions to stay as part of Graduate route, by applicant type and year 37

Figure 10. Occupational profile of Graduate route visa holders 38

Figure 11. Grants of leave on safe and legal (humanitarian) routes to the UK, by route, each quarter from 2019 to 2024 48

Figure 12. Average number of days taken to make NRM conclusive grounds decisions for decisions made by both competent authorities in each quarter 51

Figure 13. Inadequately document air arrivals, 2018 to 2024 55

Figure 14. Returns from the UK, by type of return, and asylum and non-asylum, 2010 to 2024 57

Figure 15. Returns of foreign national offenders from the UK, 2010 to 2024 58

Figure 16. Asylum Claims, by quarter, 2010 to 2024 62

Figure 17. Skill level of migrant workers' job by English language proficiency 69

Figure 18. Illustrative proficiency levels of dependants, based on nationality profile and EPI data 70