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정보검색

소장정보 검색

국회도서관 홈으로 정보검색 소장정보 검색
결과 내 검색 동의어 포함
결과 내 검색 동의어 포함

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Title page

Contents

Acknowledgements 4

Abstract 5

Resume 6

1. Introduction 9

2. Origins of the living wage and recent initiatives 14

Wage inequality and the argument for wage floors 14

The meaning of a living wage 15

Living wage initiatives 16

3. Estimating the living wage: A methodological review 19

What is the decent standard of living that a living wage should meet? 20

What kind of family does a living wage support? 28

What working patterns are assumed for other family members? 29

What is the geographic focus of living wages? 29

How do living wages change over time? 30

4. A comparison between living wage estimates based on different assumptions 31

The impact of different methodological assumptions on the living wage estimate 31

5. A comparative analysis of living wage estimates 35

Benchmarking FWN living wages against individual-level earnings metrics 36

Benchmarking FWN living wages against household-levels poverty lines 42

Living wages at the sub-national level 51

Main takeaways 52

6. Conclusions and ways forward 54

A common living wage framework? 54

Data providers 55

National Statistical Offices 56

Businesses 57

Social partners 57

References 59

Notes 63

Tables

Table 3.1. Overview of main spending categories considered when setting living wage rates 21

Table 3.2. Overview of the main approaches used by different living wage initiatives to set the levels of different basket items 23

Table 3.3. Overview of main pricing strategies and data sources used by the living wage initiatives assessed in this paper 25

Table 3.4. Overview of assumptions on family size and working patterns used by different living wage initiatives 28

Figures

Figure 1.1. In-work poverty in OECD countries 10

Figure 4.1. Variation of FWN living wages related to the size of households 32

Figure 4.2. Variation of FWN living wage rates depending on the number of income earners 34

Figure 5.1. FWN living wages and minimum wages 37

Figure 5.2. Relationship between FWN living wages, minimum wages, prevailing wages and collective bargaining 38

Figure 5.3. FWN living wages and the OECD low pay threshold 39

Figure 5.4. FWN living wages in the distribution of earnings of full-time workers 40

Figure 5.5. Household income level of workers by work and pay status 47

Figure 5.6. FWN living wages and JRC absolute poverty lines 50

Figure 5.7. FWN living wages and OECD relative poverty lines 51

Figure 5.8. US state-level living wages and official measures of Regional Price Levels, 2020 52

Boxes

Box 1.1. Possible flow-on effects of a wide adoption of living wages 12

Box 2.1. Living wage and minimum wage 15

Box 2.2. Different objectives of living wage initiatives 17

Box 2.3. IDH's Recognition Process 18

Box 3.1. How are different spending categories priced? 27

Box 5.1. Measuring the distribution of earnings 41

Box 5.2. Measuring poverty 43

Box 5.3. The OECD Tax-Benefit calculator 45

Box 5.4. Defining absolute poverty lines in the European Union 48

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