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동의어 포함

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Title page

Contents

1. Foreword 6

2. Objectives of the Study 7

3. Methodology 8

3.1. Research Design 8

3.2. Data Collection and Analysis 9

3.3. Risks and Mitigations 11

4. Global Literature on Waste and Recycling 12

4.1. Thriving Global Economy of Recycling 12

4.2. Expanding Global Waste Network, Trade, and Trafficking 15

4.3. Recycling Sector in Türkiye 16

4.4. Conditions of Work, Unionisation, and Labour 17

4.5. Towards A Just Transition 19

5. Findings 20

5.1. Identifying Actors and Connections 20

5.2. Identifying the Categorisation and Valorization of Waste 26

5.3. Identifying the Enabling Environment 30

5.4. Identifying the Conditions of Work and Labour Relations 37

5.5. The Earthquake Effect 41

6. Good Practices for Inclusion 43

7. Conclusions and Recommendations 46

8. References 48

Tables

Table 2.1. Research areas and inquiries 7

Table 3.1. Identified actors along the recycling value chain 9

Table 3.2. Field data collection 10

Table 5.1. The characteristics of depos visited 21

Table 5.2. Types of recycling materials 28

Table 5.3. The volume of different types of materials collected 29

Table 5.4. Valuation of waste between actors 29

Table 5.5. Legal framework of waste management in Türkiye 31

Table 5.6. Authorization and obligations of institutions 32

Figures

Figure 4.1. Projected global waste generation 12

Figure 4.2. Global waste composition 13

Figure 4.3. Global waste treatment and disposal 14

Figure 5.1. Phases of the zero waste system 34

Figure 5.2. Age distribution among respondents 37

Figure 5.3. Location where waste collectors reside 38

Figure 5.4. Starting age of waste collecting 38

Figure 5.5. Working hours per day 39

Photos

Photo 5.1. A "depo" where waste collectors gather mixed waste from the streets 20

Photo 5.2. Inside a depo, where mixed garbage is sorted 21

Photo 5.3. Inside a depo, where certain waste collectors reside 22

Photo 5.4. Waste collectors use electric cycles or walk, collecting waste with "çek-çek" devices 23

Photo 5.5. Farmland irrigation pipes transported for washing and crushing 24

Photo 5.6. Plastic irrigation pipes are broken down into small pieces called "çapak" 25

Photo 5.7. Plastic irrigation pipes are broken down for granulation 25

Photo 5.8. A waste sorter in a depo classifies mixed waste for the next stage 26

Photo 5.9. Collected alcohol bottles for refilling 27