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Title page

Contents

Highlights 2

Letter 5

Background 10

Overview of the Military Justice System 10

Courts-Martial and Nonjudicial Punishment 10

Department of the Navy Roles and Responsibilities for Nonjudicial Punishment 12

Prior GAO Work on Nonjudicial Punishment and Related Recommendations 13

Navy and Marine Corps Are Refining Vessel Exception Guidance and Plan to Evaluate Its Implementation 14

Navy and Marine Corps Are Refining Guidance on the Use of the Vessel Exception 14

Navy and Marine Corps Plan to Evaluate the Implementation of Its New Policies 15

Better Data Quality Could Help Improve Navy and Marine Corps Oversight of the Vessel Exception 17

Navy and Marine Corps Have Taken Steps to Report Nonjudicial Punishment Data 17

Navy and Marine Corps Lack Quality Data for Oversight of the Vessel Exception 21

Judge Advocates Generally Review Proposed Nonjudicial Punishments and Consult with Accused Service Members 23

Conclusions 25

Recommendations for Executive Action 26

Agency Comments 26

Appendix I: Scope and Methodology 28

Appendix II: Status of GAO Recommendations to Address Racial and Gender Disparities 36

Appendix III: Department of the Navy Guidance for Determining the Use of the Vessel Exception, as of November 2023 38

Appendix IV: Comments from the Department of Defense 40

Appendix V: GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments 42

Related GAO Products 43

Tables

Table 1. Navy and Marine Corps Guidance and Practices for Reporting Nonjudicial Punishment Data, as of January 2024 20

Figures

Figure 1. Navy and Marine Corps Process for Reporting Nonjudicial Punishment Data, as of January 2024 19

Figure 2. Status of Department of Defense and Coast Guard Actions on 11 GAO Recommendations to Address Racial and Gender Disparities, as of February 2024 37

Figure 3. Department of the Navy Decision Flow Chart for Determining the Use of the Vessel Exception, as of November 2023 39