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국회도서관 홈으로 정보검색 소장정보 검색

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Title page 1

Contents 1

Abstract 3

1. Introduction 4

2. Background Information, Data and Empirical strategy 8

2.1. Background Information 8

2.2. Data 8

2.3. Protest Outcomes 9

2.4. Social Gap 11

2.5. Empirical Approach 14

3. Results 15

3.1. Protests by Levels of Objective Status, Subjective Status and Social Gap 15

3.2. Estimation Results: Baseline, Dynamics, Alternative Outcomes and Heterogeneity 18

3.3. Estimation Results: Adding Key Protest Determinants 22

3.4. Additional Robustness Checks 24

4/5. Concluding remarks 26

References 27

Tables 20

Tab.1. Baseline estimations and dynamics 20

Tab.2. Estimations adding key protest determinants 24

Tab.3. Sensitivity analysis 26

Figures 13

Fig.1. Trends in social gap and redistributive preferences 13

Fig.2a. Protest rates across income, occupation or perceived ranks (no controls) 16

Fig.2b. Protest rates across income, occupation or perceived ranks (controls) 16

Fig.3. Protest rates by social gap levels 17

Fig.4. Estimations for alternative protest outcomes 21

Fig.5. Heterogeneous effects on protest frequency 22

Appendix Tables 36

Tab.A1. Basic protest estimations 36

Tab.A2. Occupation levels (EGP classification) 37

Tab.A3. Specification Tests 38

Appendix Figures 33

Fig.A1. Proportion of demonstrators in the panel 33

Fig.A2. Number of protest participants and interview date 34

Fig.A3. Distributions of perceived status and social gaps 34

Fig.A4. Household income distribution 35

Fig.A5. Percentage of protesters by income x social gap cells 35

초록보기

Latent feelings of economic vulnerability and social stagnation may have catalyzed the unprecedented uprisings that shook Latin America and other parts of the world in 2018-2019.

We document this process in the context of Chile, leveraging survey data on protest participation and its potential determinants.

Specifically, we construct a “social gap” index, measuring the disconnect between objective and perceived social status.

Our findings suggest that this social gap predicts protest involvement beyond factors such as perceived living costs, the subjective value of public services, peer influence, or political demands.

Notably, it complements broader feelings of anger toward inequalities in explaining protests.