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Title page 1

Contents 5

Acknowledgement 3

How to Use this Handbook 9

1. Introduction and Background 11

1.1. Artificial Intelligence Strategies and Development 11

1.2. Developing a Strategic Approach to AI at the National Level 13

1.3. Approaches to National Strategies on AI 15

2. Engaging and Aligning with Global AI Communities and Frameworks 17

3. Key Building Blocks of a National Strategic Approach to AI 20

3.1. Key Building Blocks of a National AI Strategy 20

4. A Framework Process for Developing a Strategic Approach to AI 29

4.1. Module 1: Get Set Up 31

4.2. Module 2: Map the Landscape 35

4.3. Module 3: Set the Direction 43

4.4. Module 4: Define the Focus 49

4.5. Module 5: Shape Actions 63

4.6. Module 6: Prepare for Implementation 69

4.7. Module 7: Adopt, Launch, and Adjust 79

References 81

ANNEX A: (Sample) Artificial Intelligence Taskforce, Terms of Reference 84

ANNEX B: Reference Examples of International AI Policies and Strategies 87

ANNEX C: Stakeholder Engagement Guide 90

I. Guide for conducting stakeholder interviews 90

II. Guide for conducting consultation workshops 91

Tentative Agenda for Initial Workshop-Mission & Vision Workshop 93

ANNEX D: National Artificial Intelligence Strategy Handbook:Communications Plan Toolkit 95

Tables 8

Table 4.1. Stakeholders to consider for Stakeholder Mapping 39

Table 4.2. Example of a Simplified Country-level Policy Gap Analysis 64

Table 4.3. Example of a Simplified Results Framework for one Objective of a National AI Strategy 73

Table 4.4. Common AI Misconceptions and Corresponding Realities 76

Figures 6

Figure 1.1. Number of Countries Featuring a Specific Theme in the Mission and Vision Statement of Their National AI Strategy 14

Figure 3.1. Key Building Blocks of a National Strategic Approach to AI 21

Figure 3.2. AI Foundations 22

Figure 3.3. AI Enablers 23

Figure 3.4. AI Services 25

Figure 3.5. AI Users and Builders 28

Figure 4.1. Development Framework for a National Strategic Approach to AI-Modules, Actions, and Timeline 30

Figure 4.2. AI Task Force Internal Teams Model 33

Figure 4.3. AI Task Force Hub-and-Spoke Model 34

Figure 4.4. Sri Lanka's National AI Strategy 37

Figure 4.5. AI Foundations for Review 41

Figure 4.6. AI Enablers for Review 41

Figure 4.7. Simplified AI value chain and potential ways for LMIC firms to engage in related activities 46

Figure 4.8. AI Services Outlined in the AI Strategy Framework Represent Common Priority Sectors for AI Integration 49

Figure 4.9. Malaysia's Priority Sectors and Related Use Cases 51

Figure 4.10. National AI strategies converge on a few sectors which are important for both social and economic development (number of analyzed National AI strategies... 52

Figure 4.11. Brazil's AI Plan Pillars 56

Figure 4.12. Ireland's National Artificial Intelligence Strategy 56

Figure 4.13: 国务院关于印发新一代人工智能发展规划的通知_科技_中国政府网 and peer reviewed translation of the same found through China's '‘New Generation... 57

Figure 4.14. Thailand's National Artificial Intelligence Strategy (National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), 2024) 58

Figure 4.15. Malaysia's AI Coordination and Implementation Structure 70

Figure 4.16. Rwanda's National AI Policy's Implementation Plan Summary 71

Figure 4.17. Key National Challenges with Specific Objectives and Initial Deployment Steps from Singapore National AI Strategy (2019) 72

Figure 4.18. Illustrative AI Strategy Results Chain 74

Boxes 7

Box 1.1. Countries Emphasize Different Factors in the Design of their Strategic Approach to AI 15

Box 2.1. G7 Hiroshima Process, International Guiding Principles for Organizations Developing Advanced AI systems 17

Box 2.2. The First Legally Binding Treaty to Ensure AI Upholds People's Rights 18

Box 2.3. The Cartagena Declaration on AI Governance, Ecosystem Building and Education 19

Box 3.1. Nigeria's Approach to Investing in AI Foundations 23

Box 3.2. Unlocking the Strategic Value of Data in AI's Next Frontier 24

Box 3.3. Examples of AI Use Cases 26

Box 4.1. Rwanda's Approach to Assigning Responsibility for National AI Strategy Development and Implementation 31

Box 4.2. AI Indexes Provide a High-level Overview of the AI Landscape 35

Box 4.3. Sri Lanka's AI Strategy, Accelerating its Digital Transformation Strategy 37

Box 4.4. Beyond the Usual Stakeholders: Citizens' Input for Strategic Alignment 40

Box 4.5. Reviewing the Government's Internal Readiness and Capacity for AI Adoption 41

Box 4.6. Harnessing the Data Opportunity: Policy and Governance Considerations 44

Box 4.7. Considering Potential Roles in the Global AI Value Chain 45

Box 4.8. Examples of Vision, Mission, and Objectives Statements in Rwanda and Ireland's AI Strategies 47

Box 4.9. A Systematic Approach for Identifying Priority Sectors for AI Integration 50

Box 4.10. Different Approaches to Integrate AI in Economic Sectors 52

Box 4.11. Local AI Use Case Mapping; a Step-by-step Approach 53

Box 4.12. Example of Pillars in Selected National AI Strategies 55

Box 4.13. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) Analysis Framework with Illustrative Questions and Topics 59

Box 4.14. Policy Gap Analysis Step-by-Step Guide 64

Box 4.15. Designing SMART Goals and Actions to Track Progress and Assign Accountability 65

Box 4.16. Examples of Policy Updates to Support a National AI Strategy 66

Box 4.17. Developing AI Skills to Enable Safe Adoption at Scale 67

Box 4.18. Examples of Policy Updates to Support a National AI Strategy 69

Box 4.19. Example AI Strategy Implementation Plans 71

Box 4.20. Developing a Results Framework to Track AI Strategy Progress 73

Box 4.21. Good Practices for Tracking the Results of the National Strategic Approach to AI 75

Box 4.22. AI Champions for Health & Social Sectors in the UK 78

Box 4.23. Canada's Iterative Approach to Supporting AI 80

Stakeholder Engagement Boxes 7

Stakeholder Engagement Box 1. (Omit) 47

Stakeholder Engagement Box 2. (Omit) 54

Stakeholder Engagement Box 3. (Omit) 62

Stakeholder Engagement Box 4. (Omit) 68

Stakeholder Engagement Box 5. (Omit) 78

Key Tips Boxes 7

Key Tip 1. Considerations for a Task Force Leading the National AI Strategy Process 32

Key Tip 2. Priorities for the First Meeting of the AI Strategy Development Task Force 34

Key Tip 3. Principles for Productive Stakeholder Engagements 38

Key Tip 4. Kickoff for the AI Strategy Development Process 38

Key Tip 5. Flexible and Agile Objectives, Mission, and Vision 48

Key Tip 6. Data Considerations for Selecting Key Sectors 53

Key Tip 7. Ensure Concrete and Precise Interview Responses 62

Key Tip 8. Communications Plan Templates 76