본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기
국회도서관 홈으로 정보검색 소장정보 검색

목차보기

Title page 1

Contents 3

Highlights 2

Letter 6

Background 8

Key Department of Defense Organizations 8

Relevant DOD Strategy and Guidance Documents 10

Space Mission Areas 11

Allies' and Partners' Military Space Organizations, Strategic Guidance, and Capabilities 13

DOD Uses Multiple Mechanisms and Agreements to Collaborate with Allies and Partners on Space Operations and Other Activities 15

DOD Uses a Range of Mechanisms to Collaborate with Allies and Partners 16

DOD Uses Bilateral and Multilateral Agreements to Facilitate Collaboration with Allies and Partners 22

DOD Is Building Relationships with Allies and Partners but Faces Challenges Integrating Them into Space Operations and Activities 24

DOD Faces Challenges Executing Combined Space Operations with Key Allies 25

DOD Uses Space-Related Exercises to Build Relationships with Allies and Partners but Limitations Exist 30

Space Force Components Have Limited Personnel to Support Planning and Information Sharing with Allies and Partners 33

DOD Has Not Addressed Overlapping Roles and Responsibilities or Personnel Limitations Affecting Space-Related Security Cooperation 36

DOD Has Overlapping Roles and Responsibilities for Conducting Space-Related Security Cooperation 36

Space Force Components Have Limited Trained Personnel to Conduct Security Cooperation 41

Conclusions 44

Recommendations for Executive Action 45

Agency Comments and Our Evaluation 46

Appendix I. Objectives, Scope, and Methodology 49

Appendix II. Country Profile: Australia 53

Appendix III. Country Profile: Canada 54

Appendix IV. Country Profile: France 55

Appendix V. Country Profile: Japan 56

Appendix VI. Country Profile: Norway 57

Appendix VII. Country Profile: United Kingdom 58

APPENDIX VIII. NATO's Approach to Space Operations 59

Appendix IX. Overview of Space Training and Education Courses 61

Appendix X. Comments from the Department of Defense 64

Appendix XI. GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments 66

Related GAO Products 67

Tables 4

Table 1. DOD Organizations with Select Space-Related Coordination Responsibilities 8

Table 2. Overview of Department of Defense (DOD) Level Strategy Documents Related to Space Cooperation 10

Table 3. Overview of Department of Defense (DOD) Guidance Documents Related to Space Cooperation 11

Table 4. Descriptions of DOD Space Mission Areas 12

Table 5. Select Mechanisms DOD Uses to Collaborate with Allies and Partners on Space Operations and Activities 16

Table 6. Timeline of Space Force Changes to Space Education Courses 62

Figures 4

Figure 1. Timeline of Select Allies' Efforts to Establish Military Space Organizations and Publish Related Guidance 14

Figure 2. Map of Countries with Which the U.S. Has Space Situational Awareness Data Sharing Agreements and Personnel Exchange Agreements 19

Figure 3. Map of Countries That Participated in or Observed Global Sentinel 2024 32

Figure 4. Organizations Involved in Space-Related Security Cooperation in the USEUCOM Area of Responsibility 38

Figure 5. Plan for North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) Alliance Persistent Surveillance from Space Initiative 60