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Title page 1

Contents 6

ABSTRACT 4

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 7

PREFACE 8

1. MENTAL HEALTH REFORMS: EPOCHAL SHIFTS OR DILEMMAS? 10

2. FROM INSTITUTIONS TO PERSON-CENTERED FOCUS 11

a) Commonly Researched Questions 11

b) Deinstitutionalization (DI) as a Process 13

c) Phasing Out Psychiatric Hospitals 14

d) Risks of Implementing Deinstitutionalization 15

e) Funding and Trends in DI Implementation 16

f) Guidelines for DI Focusing on Individuals and Their Rights 17

g) The Italian Approach to Deinstitutionalization 18

3. THE PROVISION OF MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES IN THE COMMUNITY 21

a) Benchmarking Community Service Models 21

b) Mobile Integrated Mental Health Services 22

c) The Trieste Model 23

d) Mental Health Services Pathways in a Comprehensive Care System 25

e) The Human Rights Approach to Least Restrictive Care 26

f) Examples of Coordination and Governance on Mental Health Care 27

4. SUPPORTED HOUSING AND WORK INTEGRATION FOR MENTAL HEALTH PATIENTS 29

a) Supported Housing and Residential Care 29

b) Work Integration 30

5. EMPOWERING PEOPLE WITH MENTAL HEALTH CONDITIONS TO REDUCE STIGMA 33

6. MENTAL HEALTH WORKFORCE AND THE PROVISION OF CARE 36

a) Skill Mix 36

b) Training and Formation 37

c) Co-learning among Stakeholders 40

7. OTHER INNOVATIVE EXPERIENCES 42

a) Trauma-Informed Care 42

b) Telehealth and Digital Technologies 43

8. ADDRESSING SOCIAL DETERMINANTS AND VULNERABILITY: THE POST-COVID LANDSCAPE 45

9. CONCLUSION: COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH AS THE NEW HORIZON - IS NOW FINALLY THE TIME? 49

a) Community Mental Health Services and Their Principles 49

b) Policy and Politics of Change 51

APPENDIX A. RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPLEMENT MENTAL HEALTH COMMUNITY SERVICES 53

REFERENCES 55

Tables 17

Table 2.1. Trends of DI Implementation According to their Expected Results, Processes of Implementation, Funding, and Unintended Consequences 17

Table 3.1. Models of Mobile Teams and Their Outcomes 23

Table 8.1. Issues and Actions for Fundamental Changes in Mental Health 46

Table 9.1. The Seven Principles of Community Mental Health Services 50

Figures 37

Figure 6.1. The WHO's Circle of Care Model 37

Boxes 19

Box 2.1. The Italian Case of DI Reform 19

Box 5.1. Stigma Intervention Components 34

Box 6.1. Scaling Up Emancipatory Practices Experiences 39

Box 7.1. Delivering Youth-Specific Mental Health Care across Resources Setting 43