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Title page 1

Contents 3

Highlights 2

Letter 5

Background 7

The U.S. Defense Industrial Base 7

Supply Chain Risks 7

Executive Orders and Congressional Mandates Related to Defense Industrial Base 8

Primary DOD Organizations Engaged in Guidance and Oversight of the Defense Industrial Base 9

Government Procurement Data Provide DOD with Limited Insight into the Country of Origin of Goods 11

DOD Has Not Taken Key Steps in Its Supply Chain Visibility Efforts 13

DOD Efforts to Identify Country-of-Origin Information Have Had Limited Success 14

DOD Has Not Taken Actions to Implement Recommendations That Could Improve Its Ability to Identify Foreign Dependency Risks 18

DOD Has Not Tested an Alternative Approach for Collecting Country-of-Origin Data 21

DOD Identified Supply Chain Priority Areas but Faces Challenges in Identifying Foreign Dependency Risks 23

DOD Is Focused on Several Priority Areas to Mitigate Supply Chain Risks 23

Selected Examples Illustrate DOD's Challenges with Identifying Foreign Dependency Risks 26

Conclusion 28

Recommendations for Executive Action 29

Agency Comments 29

Appendix I: Objectives, Scope, and Methodology 31

Appendix II: Comments from the Department of Defense 35

Appendix III: GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments 37

Tables 3

Table 1. Examples of Department of Defense (DOD) Efforts to Enhance Supply Chain Visibility 17

Figures 3

Figure 1. Department of Defense's (DOD) Supply Chain Risks, Including for Foreign Dependency 8

Figure 2. Supply Chain Visibility Through the Federal Procurement Data System and DIBMAP 16

Figure 3. Summary of Defense Business Board Recommendations for Improving Department of Defense (DOD) Supply Chain Visibility, January 2025 20

Figure 4. Department of Defense's (DOD) Eight Supply Chain Priority Areas and Examples of Foreign Dependency Risks 24