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22대 대한민국 국회 국회정보길라잡이 국회의원검색
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Title page 1

Contents 4

Main Messages 6

Acknowledgments 8

Abbreviations 9

Purpose and Scope of the Study 10

Background and Literature Review 11

Introduction 11

DDS drive development and job creation 11

DDS and AI are increasingly intertwined 16

AI is disrupting DDS 18

AI in DDS: A framework for considering opportunities and risks 24

Country Cases 26

Introduction 26

The Philippines: Mature lower-skilled exporter 26

Uzbekistan: Emerging builder 44

Policy Considerations and Summary 60

Introduction 60

Policy-relevant barriers 60

Policy-relevant risks 61

Policy considerations by country archetype 65

Toward a framework for addressing the impact of AI adoption on DDS 66

References 68

Tables 5

Table CS3.1. DDS and commonly outsourced tasks 13

Figures 5

Figure CS3.1. GenAI use in the United States, by industry, December 2024 18

Figure CS3.2. AI Impacts on productivity, employment, outsourcing opportunities, and wages in DDS 19

Figure CS3.3. Four-archetype framework based on DDS exports, digital skill level, and intensity of GenAI use for select countries, 2023 25

Figure CS3.4. ChatGPT visits per internet user in the Philippines and other regions, May 2025 28

Figure CS3.5. AI exposure in EAP, by country 28

Figure CS3.6. AI adoption impact on jobs as seen by IT and business process firms in the Philippines 29

Figure CS3.7. Job postings in the Philippines, by occupation, 2022-24 30

Figure CS3.8. Employees and revenues of companies registered with IT Park Uzbekistan, 2017-24 45

Figure CS3.9. ChatGPT visits per internet user in Uzbekistan and other regions, May 2025 47

Figure CS3.10. Quarterly job postings by occupation in Uzbekistan, 2023-24 47

Figure CS3.11. High-level framework for shaping a response to the impact of AI on DDS 67

Boxes 5

Box CS3.1. AI and productivity of software engineers 20

Box CS3.2. Stock market suggests AI will profoundly impact BPM outsourcing firms in the Philippines 32

Box CS3.3. The double-edged sword of AI-powered accent neutralization tools in the Philippines 34

Box CS3.4. Spotlight on Viet Nam: A future hub for AI-driven DDS? 42

Box CS3.5. Building a spoken language corpus for Uzbek LLMs as a foundation for local AI tools 50

Box CS3.6. Private and public-private initiatives to address AI skills shortage in Uzbekistan 58

Box CS3.7. Upskilling software developers for outsourcing in an AI-enabled world 59

Box CS3.8. Potential impact of increased economic uncertainty and protectionism on DDS trade 64

Maps 5

Map CS3.1. DDS exports as a percentage of gross domestic product, 2023 15

Box Figures 5

Figure BCS3.1.1. AI's impact on software development productivity 20

Figure BCS3.2.1. Stock prices of large contact centers and BPM firms, 2020-25 33

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