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Title page
Contents
FOREWORD 2
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 10
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 11
RID 11
RID Structure and Data Elements 11
NPMRDS 12
LINKAGE OF NPMRDS AND RID DATA 13
ANALYSES PERFORMED USING THE LINKED NPMRDS-RID DATA 14
Analysis 1 14
Analysis 2 14
SUMMARY OF RESULTS 15
Summary of Analysis 1 Results 15
Summary of Analysis 2 Results 15
INTRODUCTION 17
BACKGROUND: THE SPEED-SAFETY RELATIONSHIP 17
OBJECTIVE 17
SHRP2 SAFETY/NATURALISTIC DRIVING STUDY OVERVIEW 19
RID OVERVIEW 21
SHRP2 PROJECT S04B: MOBILE DATA COLLECTION 23
RID STRUCTURE 23
RID DATA ELEMENTS 23
NPMRDS OVERVIEW 25
DATA COVERAGE 25
NPMRDS DATA COMPONENTS 26
TMC 27
TMC STATIC FILE 27
TT DATA 29
NPMRDS LINKS 30
OBTAINING THE NPMRDS DATA 32
PLAN FOR CONDUCTING THE NPMRDS-RID DATA LINKAGE 34
NPMRDS AND RID NETWORKS 34
RID FEATURE CLASSES AND NPMRDS DATA FILES 34
NPMRDS-RID LINKAGE PROCESS 36
STEP 1: PERFORM INITIAL SETUP 38
Input 38
Output 38
Description 38
STEP 2: IDENTIFY COMMON LINKS BETWEEN THE NPMRDS AND RID 40
Input 40
Output 40
Description 40
STEP 3: IMPORT NPMRDS LINKS-TMC LOOK-UP TABLE 43
Input 43
Output 43
Description 43
STEP 4: IDENTIFY APPROPRIATE TMC RECORDS (I.E., IDENTIFY TMCS THAT HAVE ALL THEIR LINKS MATCHED TO RID LINKS) 45
Input 45
Output 45
Description 45
STEP 5: IDENTIFY DIRECTIONAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TMCS AND LINKS 48
Input 48
Output 48
Description 48
STEP 6: REFINE/LIMIT COMMON LINKS AND INDEPENDENTLY MANAGE DIRECTIONAL DATA 50
Input 50
Output 50
Description 50
STEP 7: ASSIGN TMCS TO LIMITED COMMON LINKS 51
Input 51
Output 51
Description 51
STEP 8: IMPORT TT DATA 51
Input 52
Output 52
Description 52
STEP 9: CALCULATE WEEKDAY FREE-FLOW SPEED 54
Input 54
Output 54
Description 54
STEP 10: COMBINE TT AND SPEED DATA WITH LINKAGE DATA 55
Input 55
Output 55
Description 55
SUMMARY OF THE NPMRDS-RID DATA LINKAGE PROCESS 56
ADDITIONAL DATA PREPARATION FOR THE ANALYSES 60
LIMITING THE NETWORK TO URBAN INTERSTATES AND MAJOR ARTERIALS 60
REFLECTING SPEED DATA ON THE NETWORK AND BUILDING THE CASE STUDY GEODATABASE 60
PREPARATION OF ALIGNMENT DATA 61
PREPARATION OF CRASH DATA 61
PREPARATION OF SPEED DATA AND PUTTING ALL DATA TOGETHER 61
ANALYSES USING THE LINKED NPMRDS-RID DATA 63
85TH-PERCENTILE OPERATING SPEED 63
ANALYSIS 1: NONCONGESTED OPERATING SPEED (VAVG AND V85) AS A FUNCTION OF SPEED LIMIT 63
Analysis 1 Results 64
ANALYSIS 2: SEVERITY OF CRASHES AS A FUNCTION OF THE DIFFERENTIAL BETWEEN THE SPEED LIMIT AND V85 68
Analysis 2 Results 71
SUMMARY 73
ANALYSES PERFORMED 73
ANALYSES RESULTS 73
Summary of Analysis 1 Results 73
Summary of Analysis 2 Results 74
CONCLUSIONS 75
LESSONS LEARNED AND CHALLENGES TO USING THE LINKED RID-NPMRDS DATA FOR SAFETY ANALYSES 75
Challenges Related to the RID 75
Challenges Related to the NPMRDS 75
Challenges Related to Linking the RID and the NPMRDS 76
Challenges Related to Using the Linked RID-NPMRDS Data for Speed-Safety Analyses 77
Other Lessons Learned 78
BENEFITS OF LINKING THE RID WITH OTHER DATA SOURCES 78
RECOMMENDED ENHANCEMENTS TO THE RID 78
FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS 80
ANALYTICAL POSSIBILITIES SUPPORTED BY THE LINKED NPMRDS-RID DATA 80
Use of the New NPMRDS v2 for Future Studies 80
Estimating Operating Speed by Using Traffic and Roadway Characteristics Data 80
Investigating Crashes in Noncongested Conditions Versus Congested Conditions in Large Urban Areas 80
Investigating the Combined Effect of Horizontal Curve Length and Radius on Operating Speeds 81
ANALYTICAL POSSIBILITIES SUPPORTED BY THE RID 81
Analytical Possibilities Using the RID Without Linkage to the NDS 81
Analytical Possibilities Using the RID With Linkage to the NDS 88
APPENDIX 1: DETAILS OF ADDITIONAL DATA PREPARATION FOR THE ANALYSES 91
LIMITING THE NETWORK TO URBAN INTERSTATES AND MAJOR ARTERIALS 91
Process to Build the Urban Interstate and Major Arterials Network 91
REFLECTING SPEED DATA ON THE NETWORK AND BUILDING THE CASE STUDY GEODATABASE 92
PREPARATION OF ALIGNMENT DATA 93
PREPARATION OF CRASH DATA 95
PREPARATION OF SPEED DATA AND PUTTING ALL DATA TOGETHER 96
REFERENCES 98
Table 1. NPMRDS static file record layout 28
Table 2. NPMRDS TT data record layout 30
Table 3. NPMRDS attributes 31
Table 4. Statistics derived for each TMC 53
Table 5. ANOVA statistics for V85 as a function of speed limit and degree of curvature squared 65
Table 6. ANOVA statistics for Vavg as a function of speed limit and degree of curvature squared 67
Table 7. Speeds and FI-total crashes ratio by analysis unit 70
Table 8. Weighted regression analysis results for FI-total crash ratio 71
Table 9. HSM part C models that need calibration 83
Table 10. Analysis units 94
Figure 1. Illustration. SHRP2 NDS database and RID 20
Figure 2. Illustration. SHRP2 RID overview 22
Figure 3. Illustration. General layout of the NPMRDS data 26
Figure 4. Screen shot. NPMRDS static file in spreadsheet format 27
Figure 5. Screen shot. NPMRDS TT data in spreadsheet format 29
Figure 6. Screen shot. NPMRDS shapefile in ArcGIS® 32
Figure 7. Screen shot. NPMRDS Links to TMC look-up table 32
Figure 8. Screen shot. New_RID_NPMRDS_Linkage geodatabase 37
Figure 9. Screen shot. WA_NHS_NPMRDS_Links feature class represented in ArcMap 39
Figure 10. Screen shot. JoinedLinks feature class represented in ArcMap™ 41
Figure 11. Screen shot. CommonLinks feature class represented in ArcMap™ 42
Figure 12. Screen shot. LinkTMCRef table in ArcMap™ 44
Figure 13. Screen shot. Sample of "many-to-many" relationship between NPMRDS Links and TMCs 46
Figure 14. Screen shot. Sample of the Limited_LinkTMCRef table in ArcMap™ 47
Figure 15. Screen shot. Limited_LinkTMCXRef table 49
Figure 16. Screen shot. Limited_LinkTMCXRef pivot table 49
Figure 17. Screen shot. RID Links in Washington State matched to TMCs from NPMRDS data 57
Figure 18. Screen shot. RID Links matched to TMCs for a small section in Washington State 58
Figure 19. Screen shot. RID Links matched to TMCs for a freeway interchange in Washington State 59
Figure 20. Screen shot. Final Case Study geodatabase 62
Figure 21. Equation. V85 during off-peak periods 65
Figure 22. Graph. V85 as a function of speed limit and curvature 66
Figure 23. Equation. Vavg during off-peak periods 67
Figure 24. Graph. Vavg as a function of speed limit and curvature 68
Figure 25. Equation. Ratio of FI to total crashes as a function of speed differential 72
Figure 26. Graph. Relationship of speed differential and FI-total crashes ratio 72
Figure 27. Graph. Single-vehicle roadway departure crashes on rural interstates 87
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